Question 1

Derek,a high school football coach,decides to use the time taken to run up 100 stairs as a test for running endurance.He tests every team member on three consecutive days and finds that the time taken by each person is very much the same on all three trials.His test for endurance appears to have high levels of

Accepted Answer

The fact that the times taken by each person are very much the same on all three trials suggests that the test has high levels of reliability, meaning it produces consistent results. Validity refers to whether a test measures what it is intended to measure, generalizability refers to whether the results from a sample can be applied to a larger population, and normality refers to whether data follows a normal distribution. None of these concepts are directly addressed in the scenario given.

Question 2

If an intelligence test produces the same score over multiple administrations but does not accurately measure intelligence,then the test is

Accepted Answer

A test that produces consistent results over multiple administrations is considered reliable. However, if it does not accurately measure the construct it is intended to measure (in this case, intelligence), then it is not valid. Therefore, the test in question is reliable but not valid.

Question 3

If Keira's mental age is higher than her chronological age,this means that

Accepted Answer

Mental age refers to the level of intellectual functioning or cognitive abilities typically associated with a certain age group. If someone has a mental age that is higher than their chronological age, it means that they are performing at a higher level intellectually than what is typical for their age. Therefore, it is likely that their IQ is higher than average.

Question 4

_____,a concept developed by Alfred Binet,is an individual's level of mental development relative to that of others.

Accepted Answer

Mental age is a concept developed by Alfred Binet, which reflects an individual's level of mental development relative to that of others. It is a measure of intellectual ability that reflects the individual's ability to reason, problem-solve, and learn, which is compared to their chronological or actual age.

Question 5

If Sammy scores nearly the same every time he takes a test,it can be concluded that the test is

Accepted Answer

If Sammy scores nearly the same every time he takes a test, it indicates that the test is highly reliable, meaning it consistently measures what it is intended to measure.

Question 6

Heather is a singer.Whenever she performs,she never charges a performance fee.She is passionate about her singing and feels inspired by other creative artists who also sing for joy rather than for fame or money.Which of the following characteristics is Heather demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Heather is demonstrating inner motivation, as her passion and inspiration come from within rather than external rewards such as fame or money. This is in contrast to social loafing, which involves a lack of effort in a group setting, risk avoidance, which involves avoiding potential negative outcomes, and groupthink, which involves conforming to group opinions and ideas.

Question 7

When scores on an intelligence test relate to important outcomes such as job performance,then the intelligence test has a high level of

Accepted Answer

Criterion validity refers to the extent to which a test relates to an external criterion, such as job performance. Therefore, when scores on an intelligence test relate to important outcomes such as job performance, the test has a high level of criterion validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of test scores, standardization refers to the process of developing and administering tests, and normal distribution refers to the shape of a distribution of scores. While these concepts are important for understanding the properties of intelligence tests, they are not directly related to the ability of a test to predict important outcomes.

Question 8

A 6-year-old child with a mental age of 6 would have an IQ of

Accepted Answer

IQ is calculated by dividing mental age (MA) by chronological age (CA) and multiplying by 100. In this case, MA equals CA, resulting in an IQ of 100.

Question 9

Joanne administered a scale on job satisfaction to a group of participants and observed that their scores were related to the outcome of job satisfaction.As a result,it can be concluded that this scale demonstrates

Accepted Answer

The fact that scores on the job satisfaction scale are related to the outcome of job satisfaction indicates that the scale has criterion validity - it is able to accurately predict the criterion (in this case, actual levels of job satisfaction).

Question 10

Francis,a psychologist,has developed a new test to measure the verbal ability of third graders.To determine the range of scores (and what is a good and bad score),he gives the test to 10,000 third graders.In future,he will compare the performance of others to this reference group.This process of determining meaningful scores involves establishing

Accepted Answer

The process described in the scenario involves establishing norms, which means determining the range of scores and what is considered a good or bad score based on the performance of a reference group. Validity and reliability are important psychometric properties of tests, but they do not directly relate to establishing norms. Focus groups may be used in research, but they are not relevant to the process described in this scenario.

Question 11

As part of a research study,Dora is administered an intelligence test and obtains a particular score on this test.A few days later,she repeats the same test as a part of the same study and obtains the same score.This in turn leads Dora to conclude that the intelligence test possesses adequate

Accepted Answer

Dora's ability to obtain the same score on repeated administrations of the same intelligence test indicates that the test possesses reliability, which refers to the consistency and stability of test scores over time and across different examiners or testing conditions. This is a crucial aspect of test quality because it ensures that the measured construct is not influenced by irrelevant factors such as the testing environment or the mood of the examiner. The other options are incorrect because norms refer to the standards used to interpret test scores relative to a reference group, distribution refers to the spread and shape of test scores in a sample or population, and validity refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. While these aspects are also important for test quality, they are not directly addressed by Dora's repeated scores.

Question 12

Who among the following is most likely to have a low intelligent quotient (IQ)?

Accepted Answer

A low IQ is generally associated with having a chronological age that is above one's mental age, as in the case of Coby. This indicates that the individual is functioning at a level lower than what is expected for their age group. In contrast, Ray and Linda both demonstrate advanced cognitive abilities, while Keith's mental age is on par with his chronological age.

Question 13

Norman is involved in the process of developing instructions for administering and scoring a personality scale.Thus,it can be concluded that Norman is in the process of establishing

Accepted Answer

Developing instructions for administering and scoring a personality scale indicates the establishment of standardized norms. Standardized norms are established by creating specific procedures and instructions for administering and scoring a test, thus ensuring all test-takers are evaluated and scored in a consistent and standardized manner. Validity, reliability, and normal distribution are important aspects of test development but do not necessarily relate to the development of instructions for administering and scoring a test.

Question 14

The concept of _____ is best defined as the ability to do well on cognitive tasks,to solve problems,and to learn from experience.

Accepted Answer

The concept being defined here is closely associated with the idea of intelligence. Mindfulness (A) is a related concept but is not specifically focused on cognitive ability or problem solving. Validity (C) refers to the accuracy or truthfulness of a statement or measure and is not directly related to the ability to solve problems or learn from experience. Reasoning (D) is more closely related to the specific process of drawing logical conclusions from evidence and is not as broad as the concept described in this question.

Question 15

Michelle,a tattoo artist,has invested a huge sum of money in establishing her own tattoo studio in her hometown.According to the characteristics of creative thinkers,which of the following characteristics has been demonstrated by Michelle in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Michelle's decision to invest a large sum of money in her tattoo studio demonstrates her willingness to face risk, as she is taking a financial gamble to pursue her creative passion.

Question 16

Shizuka administered a self-developed depression scale twice on a group of patients at a hospital.At both times,she observed that different scores were yielded by the same set of patients.From this scenario,it can be concluded that Shizuka's scale lacks

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure or scale. If a scale or measure is reliable, it should yield consistent scores over time and across different raters or assessors. In this scenario, Shizuka administered the scale twice but obtained different scores for the same set of patients, indicating a lack of consistency and hence a lack of reliability. Choice A, convergence, refers to the degree to which different measures of the same construct are related, and is not relevant in this scenario. Choice B, divergence, refers to the degree to which a measure is distinct from other measures of different constructs, and is also not relevant in this scenario. Choice D, validity, refers to the degree to which a measure assesses what it is intended to assess, and is not evident from the scenario provided.

Question 17

Walter,a product development lead,encourages his teammates to suggest ideas during a product development process.According to the characteristics of creative thinkers,which of the following characteristics has been demonstrated by Walter in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging teammates to suggest ideas during product development process indicates that Walter is exhibiting the characteristic of flexible thinking. This involves being open to new ideas, different perspectives, and the ability to adapt to changes. Inner motivation refers to a self-driven desire to achieve goals, willingness to face risk involves taking calculated risks, and objective evaluation of work means being able to evaluate one's work without bias or emotion.

Question 18

Although participants routinely scored about the same every time,the new fire fighters aptitude test showed almost no correlation to their actual performance.Hence,it can be inferred that this new test is

Accepted Answer

Since the new fire fighters aptitude test showed almost no correlation to their actual performance, it can be concluded that the test is not valid. However, participants routinely scored about the same every time, indicating that the test is reliable. Therefore, choice B - reliable but not valid - is the best answer.

Question 19

Mark is a content writer who works in Zeal,Inc.He strives to work hard on his job and always seeks feedback from his senior content writers.According to the characteristics of creative thinkers,which of the following characteristics has been demonstrated by Mark in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Mark's willingness to seek feedback from his senior content writers demonstrates his objective evaluation of work, a characteristic of creative thinkers.

Question 20

Clara develops a test to assess the levels of anxiety among cardiac surgeons and shows it to Betty,a subject matter expert,for feedback on her test.Post the review session,Betty approves her test and states that the test measures what it aims to measure.Thus,from the above scenario this test exemplifies

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the extent to which a test actually measures what it is intended to measure. In this scenario, Betty, the subject matter expert, confirms that the test developed by Clara accurately measures the levels of anxiety among cardiac surgeons, indicating that the test has high validity. The other options, normality, reliability, and uniformity, do not accurately describe the situation presented in the scenario.

Quiz 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language