Question 1

Kyle wants to buy a new watch.While making the decision to buy the watch,he purchases the brand of watch that his favorite actor wore in a movie.In this scenario,in the context of classical conditioning,the movie that Kyle watched promoted the brand of watch using

Accepted Answer

Embedded marketing is when a product or brand is subtly promoted within entertainment media, such as movies or TV shows. In this scenario, the brand of watch that Kyle's favorite actor wore in a movie was promoted through embedded marketing, which influenced Kyle's decision to buy the same brand of watch.

Question 2

Kenny ate too many hotdogs at a baseball game.Several hours later,he felt nauseated and spent most of the night being sick.In the context of taste aversion learning,it is likely that Kenny will _____ as a result of this experience.

Accepted Answer

Taste aversion learning suggests that Kenny will associate the nausea with eating hotdogs, leading him to avoid eating hotdogs in similar contexts, like at the next baseball game.

Question 3

In the context of classical conditioning,_____ refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

Accepted Answer

Habituation is the process where an organism becomes less responsive to a stimulus after being exposed to it multiple times. This is a basic form of learning where the organism learns to stop responding to a stimulus that is no longer relevant or provides no meaningful information.

Question 4

Classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a type of learning that involves the association between two stimuli. It is based on the idea that a neutral stimulus can elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that already elicits a response.

Question 5

The law of effect is profoundly important because it presents the basic idea that

Accepted Answer

The law of effect states that the consequences of a behavior will influence the likelihood of that behavior's recurrence. This is a fundamental principle of operant conditioning, which emphasizes the importance of reinforcement in shaping behavior. Option A is incorrect because embedded marketing has nothing to do with the law of effect. Option B is incorrect because contingency is essential for both types of conditioning. Option D is incorrect because habituation does not result in immunity to classical conditioning; rather, it can make a behavior less responsive to a stimulus over time.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about taste aversion learning is true?

Accepted Answer

Taste aversion learning is a type of classical conditioning where a particular taste or smell becomes associated with nausea or illness. It does not require many pairings of the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned response of nausea, as it can occur after just one pairing or experience. The particular taste does not necessarily have to be the direct cause of the nausea, as it can occur simply through association. Finally, taste aversion learning is not a form of punishment, but rather a form of learning through association.

Question 7

Jenny received a lot of praise in class when she was the only one who did her homework on time.As a result,Jenny has never had to be reminded to do her homework;she always submits it on time.In this scenario,Jenny's behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

Thorndike's law of effect states that behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are more likely to be repeated in the future. In this scenario, Jenny's behavior of submitting her homework on time was reinforced by receiving praise from her classmates, which had a positive outcome. As a result, she continued to do her homework on time without being reminded, as it led to positive outcomes in the past.

Question 8

Identify the accurate statement about operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is a type of associative learning that involves modifying behavior through reward or punishment. It does not necessarily require intent, and it can be used to explain voluntary as well as involuntary behavior. It is not typically used in embedded marketing.

Question 9

In a television advertisement,a young man is shown to be the center of attraction for young and attractive models because he drives the luxury car brand,Exotica.The advertisement targets young,single men.In the context of embedded marketing,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a television advertisement,a young man is...

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response, and thus it is possible to condition the body's internal organ systems such as the immune system. Option A is incorrect because classical conditioning remains classical conditioning, even after a recovery period. Option B is incorrect because there is evidence that classical conditioning can affect immune system functioning. Option D is incorrect because classical conditioning does not involve punishment at all.

Question 11

Classical conditioning is a form of

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a form of associative learning, where an individual learns to associate a particular behavior or response with a specific stimulus. This type of learning is based on creating associations between two stimuli and is often used in behavioral training and therapy. Observational learning (A) is learning through watching others, while imitative learning (B) is one specific type of observational learning where an individual learns by imitating the actions of others. Vestibular learning (D) refers to learning related to balance and orientation, which is not related to classical conditioning.

Question 12

In the context of operant conditioning,_____ refers to rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior.

Accepted Answer

Shaping is the process of rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior. It involves reinforcing behaviors that are similar to the target behavior and gradually getting closer to the desired behavior until it is achieved. Acquisition refers to the initial learning of a new behavior, modeling refers to learning through the observation of others, and habituation refers to the decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure. Only shaping is the correct choice to fit the given definition.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a form of respondent behavior, where a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. It does not require the subject of the conditioning to be immune to habituation, nor is it typically used to combat the effects of embedded marketing. While it can influence voluntary behavior, it does not effectively explain it on its own.

Question 14

Classical conditioning explains how neutral stimuli become associated with

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus) becomes associated with a biologically significant stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus) and eventually comes to elicit a similar response (the conditioned response). This type of learning is often used to explain how involuntary responses (such as fear or hunger) can be triggered by originally neutral stimuli (such as a bell or a particular scent).

Question 15

George drinks three glasses of wine at home every evening but rarely feels its effect.However,he feels the immediate effect of a single glass of wine on the rare occasions that he goes to a bar.Which of the following classical conditioning concepts best explains this discrepancy in George's responses?

Accepted Answer

George has habituated to the three glasses of wine he drinks at home every evening, meaning his body has become accustomed to its effects and no longer responds strongly. However, in a different setting, such as a bar, his response is not habituated and he feels the immediate effect of a single glass of wine.

Question 16

Just as it does in classical conditioning,_____ plays a key role in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

In operant conditioning, contingency refers to the relationship between a behavior and its consequence. The consequences that follow a behavior can either strengthen or weaken the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. Therefore, contingency plays a critical role in shaping and modifying behavior through operant conditioning. The other options (vestibular sense, instinctive drift, immunity) are not relevant to the principles of operant conditioning.

Question 17

Melvin is an elementary school teacher who rewards his students with extra playtime whenever they do well on a class assignment.In this scenario,which of the following techniques is Melvin using to motivate his students to work harder?

Accepted Answer

Melvin is using positive reinforcement by rewarding his students with extra playtime to motivate them to work harder. Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase the frequency of a behavior.

Question 18

The _____ in psychology states that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened and that behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened.

Accepted Answer

This law, proposed by Edward Thorndike, is a fundamental concept in psychology that explains how the consequences of a behavior influence the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. According to this law, behaviors that result in positive outcomes are more likely to be repeated whereas behaviors followed by negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated.

Question 19

Caleb,the owner of a small garage,is particular about paying his employees more than they ask for.He believes that this action will prevent his employees from leaving the organization due to job dissatisfaction.In this scenario,Caleb is using _____ in operant conditioning to ensure a desired outcome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Caleb,the owner of a small garage,is particular...

Question 20

Operant conditioning is a form of learning that

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is a type of learning that focuses on how behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them, such as rewards or punishments. Through this process, organisms learn to associate specific behaviors with certain outcomes, which can lead to changes in future behavior.

Quiz 6: Learning