Question 1

________ involves the evaluation of a strategy to determine its effectiveness

Accepted Answer

Monitoring involves observing and evaluating the effectiveness of a strategy in achieving goals and making necessary adjustments or changes to improve outcomes. This process helps to ensure that the chosen strategy is effective and aligned with the organization's objectives.

Question 2

With maturation in the _____________________ over the first 24 months,children's memory skills gradually improve.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are both areas of the brain involved in memory processing and organization. As these regions develop and mature over the first two years of life, children's memory skills gradually improve. The amygdala is involved in emotional processing and the thalamus is involved in sensory processing, but neither of these regions has a direct role in memory development.

Question 3

Which memory strategy is a preschooler most likely to use?

Accepted Answer

Preschoolers are more likely to remember things by using visual or tactile strategies such as looking at or touching a to-be-remembered object. This is because at this age, they are still developing their working memory capacity and are more reliant on sensory information to encode and retrieve information. Rehearsal, outlining, and summarizing require a more developed working memory and are therefore less likely to be used by preschoolers.

Question 4

The ability to use an effective memory strategy

Accepted Answer

Using an effective memory strategy involves evaluating the effectiveness of a particular strategy for the specific task at hand. This skill can be developed and improved over time, but it is not fixed and can be influenced by a variety of factors such as age, experience, and individual differences. Therefore, option B is the best choice. The other options are incorrect as option A is not true since memory strategy can be influenced by age. Option C is incorrect as memory recall is significantly influenced by the memory strategy adopted, and option D is incorrect as memory strategy can continue to develop beyond childhood.

Question 5

When Rovee-Collier and her colleagues attached a ribbon from a mobile to two- to three-month-old infants' legs so infants learned to kick to make the mobile move,they found that when they returned to the babies' homes several days later the babies

Accepted Answer

Rovee-Collier and her colleagues found that infants still kicked to make the mobile move even after several days, indicating that they had retained the memory of the association between kicking and movement of the mobile.

Question 6

As Wendy read her textbook,she wrote summaries of each section.When she met with her study group,she was able to answer many but not all of the questions posed by her study group.What should she do next?

Accepted Answer

Wendy should continue using her current memory strategy of summarizing sections of the textbook. However, she should focus on summarizing the parts of the textbook that she knows least well in order to improve her understanding and ability to answer questions. It is important for her to continue attending the study group to receive feedback and additional support from her peers. Choosing a different memory strategy or stopping studying altogether are not necessary at this time.

Question 7

Young babies (under three months) typically retain information for a week or less,while children over a year retain it for approximately

Accepted Answer

Children over a year typically have improved memory retention, allowing them to retain information for 8 weeks or longer.

Question 8

Structuring information to be remembered so that related information is placed together is a memory strategy known as

Accepted Answer

Organization involves grouping related information together, making it easier for the brain to process and remember. Rehearsal involves repeating information over and over, while elaboration involves adding meaning and significance to the information in order to make it more memorable. Metacognition refers to thinking about thinking and being aware of one's own thought processes, which is not directly related to the strategy of structuring information for memory.

Question 9

________ is a strategy of repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal is a strategy that involves repeating information over and over again in order to remember it better. This strategy is particularly useful for short-term memory tasks such as memorizing a phone number or a list of items to buy at the grocery store. While rehearsal alone may not be sufficient for long-term retention of information, it can be a useful tool in combination with other memory strategies such as elaboration or organization.

Question 10

Your friend is having a hard time remembering the main points of his psychology textbook.If he asks you to recommend a memory strategy,which one would you suggest?

Accepted Answer

Outlining or writing a summary of the main points is an effective memory strategy as it requires active engagement with the material and helps to solidify key concepts in the mind. This method also allows for the organization and categorization of information, making it easier to recall the main points in the future. Touching or reading sentences over and over may not necessarily enhance memory retention, and simply rereading the chapter may not be effective as it does not actively engage with the material.

Question 11

Elaboration is a memory strategy that involves

Accepted Answer

Elaboration involves adding meaning or additional details to incoming information to enhance its memorability. Embellishing information by adding vivid details or making connections to personal experiences is an example of elaboration. A, B, and C do not specifically involve adding meaning or details to information in order to remember it.

Question 12

Gene has discovered that even though he has underlined the most important information in the textbook,he does not know any of the material very well.What should he do?

Accepted Answer

Underlining alone is not an effective memory strategy. Gene should try other strategies like summarizing, self-testing, or using mnemonic devices to better retain the information.

Question 13

After Tina outlined a chapter in her textbook,she answered questions in her study guide to see whether outlining was helping her learn the information in the chapter.Tina was ________ the effectiveness of her memory strategy.

Accepted Answer

Tina is monitoring the effectiveness of her memory strategy by answering questions in her study guide to see if outlining the chapter is helping her learn the information.

Question 14

Emmie is in grade 2 and her sister Clara is in grade 6.Both are asked to remember something and to use elaboration as a memory strategy.What is a likely result?

Accepted Answer

As Clara is older and in a higher grade, she is likely to have more developed cognitive abilities and knowledge to successfully use both verbal and visual elaboration strategies. Emmie, being younger and in a lower grade, may have a harder time with visual elaboration as it requires more advanced cognitive skills. However, both sisters should be able to successfully use verbal elaboration.

Question 15

The normal working memory capacity is approximately seven items."Items," though,may be composed of multiple units through

Accepted Answer

Chunking involves grouping several items into one larger item, which increases the amount of information that can be remembered within the limits of working memory. Therefore, chunking allows for the memory capacity to go beyond the typical limit of seven items. Elaboration, metacognition, and rehearsal may also aid in memory, but they do not directly address the issue of increasing memory capacity beyond the limit of seven items.

Question 16

One day Ellie takes her two-month-old baby,Eric,to her friend's home and puts him in a rocking cradle.Eric soon learns that if he wiggles and waves his arms the cradle will rock.Several weeks later,Ellie and Eric return to the friend's house.How would you expect Eric to respond when he is once again placed in the cradle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of One day Ellie takes her two-month-old baby,Eric,to...

Question 17

Four-year-old Jasmine is asked to remember objects on a tray that she is shown for one minute.In the minute during which she is shown the objects,Jasmine looks at and touches each object.Jasmine is

Accepted Answer

Jasmine's behavior of looking at and touching each object indicates that she is using a memory strategy to encode the objects and increase her chances of remembering them later.

Question 18

Activities that improve memory are called

Accepted Answer

Activities that improve memory are commonly referred to as memory strategies, such as repetition, organization, and visualization techniques. Information processing refers to how the brain encodes, stores, and retrieves information, while sensory and working memory are different types of memory systems in the brain.

Question 19

Rovee-Collier's experiments in which two- to three-month-old infants learned to kick to make a mobile move showed that two- to three-month-old infants

Accepted Answer

Rovee-Collier's experiments show that two- to three-month-old infants can remember events from the past for a few days or weeks but over time will not be able to recall the event unless given a memory cue. This is known as infantile amnesia, and it is thought to be because the brain structures involved in long-term memory are not fully developed in infancy.

Question 20

Which of the following is accomplished by memory strategies?

Accepted Answer

Memory strategies are techniques or methods that are used to enhance memory performance. They can be used to retrieve information from long-term memory, maintain information in working memory, and transfer information to long-term memory. Therefore, the best choice is D - Memory strategies are involved in all three.

Quiz 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills