Question 1

Information on gender equality and the Summer Olympic Games shows that

Accepted Answer

Women have historically had fewer Olympic events available to them than men, although the gap has been narrowing over the years.

Question 2

The author notes that in response to the masculinized cultures in most alternative sports, some women have

Accepted Answer

The author mentions that women have created or revised alternative sports to fit their experiences and goals as a response to the masculinized culture in most alternative sports. This is supported by examples such as "women’s snowboarding, which was pioneered by riders who sought to establish their own style and culture beyond the mainstream men’s snowboarding scene" and "women’s roller derby, which emerged from feminist and punk subcultures". Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 3

Research on alternative and action sports shows that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that alternative and action sports are primarily organized around the values and experiences of males. This can be seen in the language, themes, and imagery of these sports, as well as in the ways they are marketed and consumed by audiences. While Title IX has increased opportunities for women to participate in sports, it has not had a significant impact on the culture and values of alternative and action sports. Additionally, women competitors do not typically receive more media coverage than their male counterparts, and successful female athletes in these sports often perform risky and challenging tricks.

Question 4

In male-dominated and male-identified sport cultures, women are hired only when they

Accepted Answer

In male-dominated and male-identified sport cultures, women are often expected to prove themselves by exhibiting masculine traits and abilities. This means that they must show that they can do things as men have done them in order to be hired, which is why choice A is the best option.

Question 5

Acosta and Carpenter's 40-year longitudinal study of trends related to gender in intercollegiate sports indicates that women

Accepted Answer

Acosta and Carpenter's study shows that the proportion of women coaching women's sport teams has decreased since 1977, indicating a decline in female representation in coaching roles for women's sports over time.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why women are underrepresented in coaching and administrative positions in sports?

Accepted Answer

The other options are all reasons why women are underrepresented in coaching and administrative positions in sports, including biases in search committees, limited consideration for women in hiring, and lack of networking opportunities for women in these fields. However, the assertion that women lack business experience to succeed in sport programs is not supported by evidence and is likely a stereotype based on gender biases.

Question 7

Female athletes continue to receive, on average, less support than male athletes receive in connection with their sport participation.Inequalities in support are highest in

Accepted Answer

The answer of Female athletes continue to receive, on average,...

Question 8

The International Olympic committee is probably the most powerful sport organization in the world.In terms of gender representation which of the following statements about the IOC is NOT correct as of 2013?

Accepted Answer

According to a report from 2013, women made up 21.3% of decision-making roles within the IOC, not 35%.

Question 9

An emphasis on "cosmetic fitness" and thinness among women can have a negative effect on sport participation because it leads women to

Accepted Answer

When women associate sport participation with losing weight, they may avoid sports that do not produce significant weight loss and focus on calorie-burning activities. This can limit the variety of sports they participate in and discourage them from continuing to participate in sports that do not produce quick weight loss results. It can also lead to unhealthy eating habits and a negative body image.

Question 10

Data show that sport participation opportunities for girls and women are

Accepted Answer

Sport participation opportunities for girls and women are generally more limited at the professional level compared to men. This is due to various factors including less investment, fewer professional leagues, and lower media coverage for women's sports.

Question 11

When women are hired in coaching and administrative positions in sport organizations, they may have low levels of job satisfaction due to

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women in coaching and administrative positions in sport organizations often experience a lack of support from the organization, leading to low levels of job satisfaction. This can include things like being excluded from decision-making processes, facing gender-based discrimination, and having limited opportunities for advancement. It is not attributed to pressures from spouses, publicity around sexual harassment, or lack of experience.

Question 12

Data on participation and gender indicate that in comparison with the Olympic Games, the Paralympic games

Accepted Answer

The Paralympic Games, like many other major sports events, have historically had fewer female athletes compared to male athletes, reflecting broader trends in sports participation and opportunities for women.

Question 13

In her book on lesbians and homophobia in sports, author Pat Griffin notes that myths about lesbians have a number of consequences in sports.Which of the following is NOT one of those consequences?

Accepted Answer

Pat Griffin notes in her book that myths about lesbians in sports lead to a sense of loneliness among many lesbians, lesbians hiding their identities, and the existence of a "don't ask, don't tell" atmosphere in women's sports. The belief that lesbians can't play sports as well as heterosexuals is not one of the consequences she mentions.

Question 14

In the discussion of gender issues in informal and alternative sports it is noted that

Accepted Answer

The discussion notes that in informal and alternative sports, boys and men tend to control who plays, implying that there is gender discrimination in these settings. The other choices are incorrect as there is no mention of ESPN's X Games being praised for gender equity, gender discrimination gradually disappearing, or Title IX in this context.

Question 15

As sport programs become increasingly privatized,

Accepted Answer

Privatization often means sports programs becoming more expensive and exclusive, which can result in fewer opportunities for girls and women who may not have access to the resources necessary to participate. Boys and men are often given priority in these programs, leading to a potential decrease in participation among female athletes.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT among the barriers that can restrict progress toward gender equity in sports?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Women, by nature, are less physically active than men are" is a stereotype that has been disproven by scientific research. The other options are valid barriers to gender equity in sports.

Question 17

In the section on Gender Equity and Sexuality, the author provides examples suggesting that

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the section on Gender Equity and...

Question 18

In comparison with sport programs for girls and women, programs for boys and men are more likely to survive budget cuts because

Accepted Answer

Programs for boys and men have had a longer history and thus have had more time to establish legitimacy, support, fans, and sponsorships. This makes it more difficult for budget cutters to eliminate them. Females are just as likely as males to fight for the survival of their programs, and there is no evidence that males learn more from playing sports than females do. The commitment level of coaches is also not necessarily a deciding factor in budget cuts.

Question 19

The primary reason that there are fewer female athletes than male athletes at the summer Olympic Game is because

Accepted Answer

There are fewer women's events in the summer games compared to men's events. This is due to the historical underrepresentation of women in sports and the late inclusion of women's events in the Olympics. However, efforts have been made to increase gender equality in the Olympics, and there have been increasing numbers of women's events added to the program in recent years.

Question 20

The images associated with dominant sports in most societies today tend to promote a manhood based on

Accepted Answer

The images associated with dominant sports in most societies today tend to promote a manhood based on power and control, which can be observed through the emphasis on physical strength, competitiveness, and dominance over opponents. This stereotype of masculinity can be reinforced by the hypermasculine behaviors of athletes on and off the field/court, including aggression and objectification of women. Cohesion, teamwork, and brotherhood are also important aspects of many sports, but they do not necessarily contribute to the promotion of a dominant, hypermasculine ideal. Avoiding relationships with women is not a common or desirable trait associated with manhood in most societies.

Quiz 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible