Question 1

Describe Piaget's concrete-operational stage.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Which of the following is a crucial determinant of a person's intellectual development?​

Accepted Answer

Heredity is a crucial determinant of a person's intellectual development, as it involves the genetic transmission of intellectual capabilities from parents to offspring.

Question 3

_________ requires the performance of fine motor skills.

Accepted Answer

Coordinating a knife and fork requires the use of fine motor skills in order to manipulate the utensils and properly bring food to the mouth. Balancing on a bicycle and pedaling a bicycle require gross motor skills, while hitting a tennis ball requires a combination of both fine and gross motor skills.

Question 4

How do sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory differ?​

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, children in the _________ base their moral judgments on rules that maintain the social order.

Accepted Answer

The conventional level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is characterized by the understanding and acceptance of societal rules and norms. Children at this level base their moral judgments on maintaining social order and following authority. The preconventional level is characterized by self-interest and obedience to avoid punishment, the concrete-operational level involves reasoning based on concrete experiences and logical thinking, and the preoperational level involves egocentric thinking and limited understanding of rules and social norms.

Question 6

_________is a stimulant used in the treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Accepted Answer

Ritalin is a stimulant medication commonly used in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. Epinephrine is also a stimulant, but it is typically used to treat low blood pressure or severe allergic reactions. Rhodopsin and melanin are not stimulants and do not have any direct relation to ADHD treatment.

Question 7

Which of the following statements best describes the word-recognition method?​

Accepted Answer

The word-recognition method involves learning to read by recognizing whole words through repeated exposure, rather than decoding them phonetically.

Question 8

According to Piaget's theory of moral development, how do children's moral reasoning differ in the stages of objective morality and autonomous morality?​

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

The term _________ is the intellectual level at which a child is functioning, based on the typical performance of a child of a certain age.

Accepted Answer

Mental age is the term used to describe the intellectual level at which a child is functioning, based on the typical performance of a child of a certain age. Intelligence quotient (B) is a numerical score derived from standardized assessments that aims to measure intelligence. Chronological age (C) refers to the actual age of the child. Emotional quotient (D) measures emotional intelligence, which is the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and emotions of others.

Question 10

A child understands that if an elephant is bigger than a bear and a bear is bigger than a cat, then an elephant is bigger than a cat. This demonstrates the child's understanding of _________.

Accepted Answer

The child's understanding of the relationship between the sizes of the animals demonstrates transitivity, which is the ability to recognize and apply logical relationships between objects or elements. Conservation refers to the understanding that certain properties of an object or substance remain the same despite changes in appearance, while class inclusion is the ability to recognize that a class or category can include subordinate elements. Decentration refers to the ability to consider multiple aspects of a problem or situation at the same time. None of these concepts are directly related to the child's understanding of the animal size relationship described in the question.

Question 11

According to Sternberg's theory of intelligence, _________ is academic ability.

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's theory of intelligence, analytical intelligence is academic ability. Practical intelligence refers to common sense and practical skills, creative intelligence refers to the ability to come up with novel ideas and solutions, and interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and work with others.

Question 12

Discuss the patterns of motor development in middle childhood years. Do gender differences influence the development of motor skills during these years?​

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Explain the phonetic method and the word-recognition method of teaching reading.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to genetic factors?​

Accepted Answer

Heritability refers to the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to genetic factors. Hypersensitivity refers to an excessive or exaggerated reaction to stimuli. Transitivity refers to the consistency of a relationship between two variables. Plasticity refers to the capacity of an organism to change in response to environmental influences.

Question 15

The part of the brain called the _________ translates visual information into auditory information.

Accepted Answer

The angular gyrus is responsible for processing information from various sensory modalities, including visual and auditory. It is involved in translating visual information into auditory information, as well as in language processing and mathematical cognition. The medulla and hypothalamus are not involved in sensory processing, and the cervix is not part of the brain.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding the grammatical abilities of children in middle adulthood?​

Accepted Answer

By seven to nine years of age, most children have developed the cognitive ability to understand that words can have multiple meanings, reflecting their growing linguistic and cognitive skills.

Question 17

According to Jean Piaget, children in the stage of _________ are less egocentric than preoperational children.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children in the concrete operations stage (ages 7-12) are less egocentric than preoperational children (ages 2-7). In this stage, children learn to think logically and understand reversibility, conservation, and classification. They also become less self-centered in their thinking and develop a better understanding of others' perspectives. Moral realism, objective morality, and preconventional morality are concepts related to moral development, which is separate from cognitive development.

Question 18

________refers tothe memory structure capable of relatively permanent storage of information.

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is the memory structure that is capable of relatively permanent storage of information. Sensory memory is a very brief memory storage system that holds sensory information for a fraction of a second. Procedural memory refers to the memory of how to perform certain actions or skills, such as riding a bike. Working memory is a system that temporarily holds and manipulates information while we perform cognitive tasks.

Question 19

_________ is the ability to do things that are novel and useful.

Accepted Answer

The ability to do things that are novel and useful is a classic definition of creativity. Adaptability refers to the ability to adjust to new situations, heritability refers to the extent to which a trait is inherited genetically, and transitivity refers to the property of a relationship in which if A is related to B and B is related to C, then A is also related to C.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of the phonetic method of teaching reading?​

Accepted Answer

The phonetic method focuses on teaching children to decode new words by recognizing the sounds of letters and letter combinations. This provides them with skills they can use to read unfamiliar words, rather than relying solely on memorization of sight words.

Quiz 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development