Question 1

Evaluate the legacy of Piaget's theory of cognitive development,highlighting both its contributions and its limitations

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evaluate the legacy of Piaget's theory of...

Question 2

Which of the following physical developments during puberty is accurately labeled as a primary or secondary sex characteristic

Accepted Answer

An enlarged Adam's apple is a secondary sex characteristic, which refers to features that appear during puberty but are not directly involved in reproduction, such as changes in voice and body hair. Development of the ovaries and an enlarged penis are primary sex characteristics because they are directly involved in reproduction. Enlarged breasts are also considered secondary sex characteristics, as they are not directly involved in the reproductive process.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a primary sexual characteristic

Accepted Answer

Primary sexual characteristics are the structures directly involved in reproduction. Testes, penis, and ovaries are all involved in the production of reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) and hormones necessary for reproduction. Breasts, on the other hand, are considered a secondary sexual characteristic, as they are not directly involved in reproduction, but develop in response to hormonal changes during puberty.

Question 4

Concerning the development of the brain during childhood and adolescence,which of the following statements is true

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that the brain continues to develop and change well into one's twenties, particularly in areas related to decision-making, planning, impulse control, and social behavior. The development of these areas typically follows an inverted U-shaped curve, with a peak during adolescence or early adulthood followed by a gradual decline. Brain development during childhood is also important and occurs at a rapid pace, but it does not cease following puberty. Option A and D are incorrect. Option C is misleading; while some aspects of brain development may occur more rapidly during adolescence, overall development continues into young adulthood.

Question 5

According to Erikson,the major goal of adolescent development is:

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that the major goal of adolescent development was to develop a sense of identity, which involves defining one's personal values and beliefs, and integrating these into a coherent self-concept. While sexuality and abstract thinking are important aspects of adolescent development, they are not the primary goal according to Erikson's theory. Distinguishing oneself from younger siblings may be a part of individuation, but it is not a major goal of adolescent development according to Erikson.

Question 6

Menarche typically occurs around _______ years of age; its timing reflects __________.

Accepted Answer

Menarche typically occurs around 12 or 13 years of age and its timing reflects the effects of both nature and nurture. While genetics play a role in determining the age of menarche, environmental factors such as nutrition, stress and overall health also play a significant role.

Question 7

Across cultures,the average age at which a girl reaches puberty is _______ years of age.The average age at which a boy reaches puberty is _______ years of age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Across cultures,the average age at which a...

Question 8

Define the term attachment as it is used in psychology.Explain how attachment reflects a dynamic interplay between an infant and her caregiver.Finally,describe the behavior of securely attached infants in Ainsworth's Strange Situation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the term attachment as it is...

Question 9

During adolescence,brain development proceeds relatively slowly in the _______ lobe,a region implicated in self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

Brain development proceeds relatively slowly in the frontal lobe during adolescence, a region implicated in self-regulation.

Question 10

Mary Ainsworth found that approximately 60-70% of the children she studied showed evidence of ___________ attachment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary Ainsworth found that approximately 60-70% of...

Question 11

In females,puberty is triggered by ________; in males,it is initiated by __________.

Accepted Answer

Puberty in females is triggered by increases in estrogen and progesterone levels, which cause the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast growth and the onset of menstruation. In males, puberty is initiated by increases in testosterone levels, which cause the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as deepening of the voice and the growth of facial and body hair.

Question 12

Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore.She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major.Grace is in a phase of life many developmental psychologists term ________ adulthood.

Accepted Answer

According to the sentence, Grace is in a phase of life where she is making significant life decisions such as choosing a major and living away from home for the first time. This phase of life is commonly known as emerging adulthood, which bridges the gap between adolescence and full adulthood. Therefore, the best choice is (B) emerging.

Question 13

Making explicit reference to at least two of Piaget's stages of cognitive development,suggest how Piaget's theory has shaped pre-K and K-12 education as it is generally practiced in the United States and Canada

Accepted Answer

The answer of Making explicit reference to at least two...

Question 14

In part,the impulsivity of adolescence reflects the fact that brain development occurs more slowly in the brain's _______ than in its ____.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for executive functions like impulse control, decision making, and planning, and it develops more slowly than the limbic system, which is responsible for emotions and motivation. This slower development can contribute to the impulsivity seen in adolescence.

Question 15

From the late teens into the mid-20s,individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _________ adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Emerging adulthood is a phase of life that starts after adolescence and ends when individuals have reached stability in their jobs, relationships, and personal identity, usually in their late 20s or early 30s. This phase is characterized by exploration, self-focus, and experimentation, as individuals begin to make important life choices and to develop their beliefs and values. It is a time of great change and potential opportunity, but also of uncertainty and risk.

Question 16

Gavin is always anxious and on edge when his girlfriend is away working the late shift.When she returns,he craves reassurance from her,but sometimes drives her way by expressing his insecurity about their relationship.Gavin's attachment style may be best described as _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gavin is always anxious and on edge...

Question 17

In Erikson's theory,the developmental challenge faced by adolescents is one of:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, adolescents face the developmental challenge of identity versus role confusion. This is the stage where they try to figure out who they are and where they fit in society. They experiment with different roles and identities and try to find a sense of self. If they are unable to find a stable identity, they may experience role confusion and struggle with a sense of purpose and direction.

Question 18

Distinguish between cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs.Provide an example of each.Identify at least one advantage and one disadvantage of each type of design

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs.Provide...

Question 19

How might adolescents' tendency to engage in such risky behaviors as unsafe sex and experimental drug use reflect brain development during childhood and adolescence

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for planning, organizing, and decision-making, continues to mature well into the twenties. This delayed development may contribute to adolescents' tendency to engage in risky behaviors, as they may not have fully developed the ability to weigh the potential consequences of their actions.

Question 20

Dr.Johansson is comparing the performance of different people of various ages at the same time.He is using a ________ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Johansson is comparing the performance of different...

Quiz 6: Psychological Science