Question 1

Which of the following interpretations is consistent with the correlation between intelligence scores and the number of neurons in the brain

Accepted Answer

The correlation between intelligence scores and the number of neurons in the brain could be interpreted in multiple ways. It is possible that having a higher number of neurons in the brain produces intelligence, as suggested in option A. Option B proposes that environmental factors, such as a rich intellectual environment, may stimulate neuronal production in the brain, which in turn affects intelligence scores. Option C argues that good nutrition may play a role in both yielding intelligence and stimulating neuronal production. Hence, all of these interpretations are consistent with the correlation between intelligence scores and the number of neurons in the brain.

Question 2

The notion that practical intelligence is separate from g is well-supported empirically.

Accepted Answer

Practical intelligence, often associated with "street smarts" or the ability to handle everyday tasks, is not empirically supported as a construct separate from general intelligence (g). Most research in psychology suggests that practical intelligence correlates with measures of general intelligence, indicating it may not be a distinct form of intelligence.

Question 3

Which of the following is the best evidence for a genetic contribution to intelligence

Accepted Answer

The fact that intelligence scores of identical twins (who share 100% of their genes) tend to be more similar than those of fraternal twins (who share on average 50% of their genes) provides strong evidence for a genetic contribution to intelligence. This comparison controls for environmental factors to a large extent, as both types of twins typically grow up in the same environment.

Question 4

Angie is computing the correlation between the intelligence test scores and the household incomes of a large sample of American adults.  What type of correlation should she find

Accepted Answer

Based on previous research, there is a positive correlation between higher income and higher intelligence scores. Therefore, Angie should find a positive correlation.

Question 5

The New York Times crossword puzzle draws primarily on crystallized intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The New York Times crossword puzzle relies heavily on an individual's vocabulary, knowledge, and experience, which are all characteristics of crystallized intelligence.

Question 6

The aspect of emotional intelligence that is most strongly supported by empirical research is emotional __________.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that the ability to regulate one's own emotions is the aspect of emotional intelligence that is most strongly related to important outcomes such as higher job performance, better relationship satisfaction, and less depression and anxiety. While emotional recognition and identification are also important, they are not as consistently related to these outcomes as emotional regulation. Emotional experience, or the subjective experience of emotions, is an important aspect of emotional intelligence, but it is not typically measured or examined in the same way as recognition, identification, or regulation.

Question 7

Intelligence is positively associated with longevity.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have found a positive correlation between higher intelligence and increased longevity. This may be due to a combination of factors, such as better health habits, higher socioeconomic status, and access to quality healthcare.

Question 8

Charles Spearman developed the first intelligence test.

Accepted Answer

Charles Spearman did not develop the first intelligence test. The first intelligence test was developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon in France in 1905.

Question 9

Studies comparing identical and fraternal twins reveal that:

Accepted Answer

Studies on twins have consistently shown that identical twins have more highly correlated intelligence scores than fraternal twins, indicating a greater genetic influence on intelligence. This is often measured by the heritability estimate, which is higher for identical twins. However, it is important to note that environment also plays a role in shaping intelligence, and the degree to which genetics or environment contributes to intelligence can vary depending on the individual and the specific trait being measured.

Question 10

Recall your text's discussion of emotional intelligence.  The ________ of a measure of emotional intelligence would be supported by positive correlations between scores on the measure and scores on a measure of Gardner's _______ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking about the validity of a measure of emotional intelligence, which would be supported by positive correlations with measures of Gardner's intelligences. Interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences are the most likely to be correlated with emotional intelligence, as they involve understanding oneself and others' emotions and communicating effectively. Kinesthetic intelligence, on the other hand, involves physical movement and coordination and is less likely to be related to emotional intelligence. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 11

The ability to identify,assess,manage,and control one's emotions is known as

Accepted Answer

The ability to identify, assess, manage, and control one's emotions is known as emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence involves being aware of one's own emotions, understanding the emotions of others, and being able to effectively manage and control emotions in oneself and others.

Question 12

Your text reports that in the early years of the 20th century,advocates for the disadvantaged argued that good education can lift the IQ scores of the disadvantaged.  In light of subsequent research,were the advocates correct

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that education can have a significant impact on IQ scores. A lack of schooling can indeed result in declines in IQ, indicating that the environment, including educational opportunities, plays a crucial role in intellectual development.

Question 13

Psychologists use the term divergent thinking to refer to the ability to generate new solutions to problems.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Divergent thinking involves coming up with multiple possible solutions or ideas for a given problem or task, and is important for creativity and innovation.

Question 14

A researcher finds a significant correlation between the IQ scores and the socioeconomic status (SES)of a large sample of American adults.  Which of the following can she conclude

Accepted Answer

The researcher can conclude that there is a relationship between SES and IQ, but not necessarily that one causes the other. It could be that higher SES leads to better education and access to resources, which in turn leads to higher IQ scores. Additionally, there may be other factors at play such as genetics or early childhood experiences that impact both SES and IQ. Therefore, it would be incorrect to choose options A, B, or D as the sole conclusion.

Question 15

The ability to regulate one's emotions is positively associated with:

Accepted Answer

The ability to regulate one's emotions has been found to have positive associations with different aspects, including cognitive abilities such as SAT scores, social skills such as ratings of social competencies, and coping strategies such as dealing with frustration. Therefore, the best option is D, as it includes all the given options.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT among the criticisms that have been levied against emotional intelligence and the tests that claim to measure it

Accepted Answer

The other three criticisms have been made against emotional intelligence and the tests that measure it, but there is no evidence that emotional intelligence is related to physical health.

Question 17

The pattern of scores usually observed in a variable that clusters around its average is known as a

Accepted Answer

The pattern described is a characteristic of a bell curve, also known as a normal distribution. This distribution often occurs in natural phenomena and is represented by a symmetrical bell-shaped curve with the majority of scores clustering around the mean or average score, with fewer scores falling further away from the mean. The other options are not accurate descriptions of this pattern.

Question 18

Which of the following pairs of correlation coefficients most closely corresponds to the observed correlations between the intelligence scores of adopted children and those of their adoptive or biological parents

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that the correlation between adopted children's intelligence scores and those of their biological parents is higher than the correlation between adopted children's intelligence scores and those of their adoptive parents. This suggests a genetic component to intelligence. Option A reflects this pattern, with a higher correlation to biological parents (0.40) than to adoptive parents (0.20).

Question 19

Intelligence is found primarily in the

Accepted Answer

The cortex, particularly the prefrontal cortex, is where higher-order thinking and decision making occur, making it the primary location for intelligence. The amygdala is involved in emotions, the hippocampus in memory, and the cerebellum in motor coordination.

Question 20

A persisting issue or controversy in psychology that is especially relevant to the study of intelligence is that of:

Accepted Answer

The nature vs. nurture debate focuses on whether intelligence is primarily determined by genetics or environmental factors. This controversy is particularly relevant to the study of intelligence because it concerns the extent to which IQ differences between individuals can be attributed to innate ability versus environmental influences such as education or upbringing.

Quiz 9: Emotions, An Introduction to Psychological Disorders, and Depression