Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of neuroticism?

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by feelings of anxiety, depression, irritability, insecurity, emotional instability, and moodiness. Therefore, option B is correct. Option A is incorrect because studies have shown that people with high levels of neuroticism tend to perform worse even in non-stressful environments. Option C is incorrect as studies have shown that both genes and environment play a role in determining neuroticism. Option D is incorrect because high neuroticism levels are generally associated with lower satisfaction in social relationships.

Question 2

Cattell stated that environmental-mold traits derive from influences in our social and physical environments.

Accepted Answer

Cattell believed that environmental-mold traits can be shaped by various social and physical environmental factors.

Question 3

The factors of McCrae and Costa that have a similarity to the dimensions proposed by Eysenck are:

Accepted Answer

The factors of McCrae and Costa that have a similarity to the dimensions proposed by Eysenck are neuroticism and extraversion. Eysenck's model primarily focused on these two dimensions as key personality traits, which McCrae and Costa also include in their Five Factor Model (FFM) or the Big Five personality traits.

Question 4

Unique traits are those aspects of the personality shared by few other people.

Accepted Answer

Unique traits, by definition, are not shared by many people and therefore are rare and distinctive to an individual's personality.

Question 5

Hans Eysenck was highly satisfied with his career choice in psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hans Eysenck was highly satisfied with his...

Question 6

In the context of the relative importance of McCrae and Costa's Big Five personality factors in different cultures,conscientiousness was considered the most important factor in the culture of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of the relative importance...

Question 7

McCrae and Costa's five personality factors:

Accepted Answer

The five personality factors, known as the Big Five, are distinct and do not largely overlap amongst themselves. They are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 8

All of the following are personality factors identified by McCrae and Costa except:

Accepted Answer

McCrae and Costa's personality factors include neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness, but not deference.

Question 9

In the context of McCrae and Costa's Five-Factor Model,the characteristic traits of the factor of openness is:

Accepted Answer

The characteristic traits of the factor of openness are originality, independence, creativity, and daring. Option D perfectly describes these traits. Option A describes the traits of conscientiousness, option B describes the traits of extraversion, and option C describes the traits of neuroticism.

Question 10

According to Brody,Buss,and Stelmack,the theories of Cattell,Eysenck,McCrae and Costa,Ashton and Lee,and Paulhus and Williams indicate that inheritance may account for as much as _____ percent of personality.

Accepted Answer

The theories of Cattell, Eysenck, McCrae and Costa, Ashton and Lee, and Paulhus and Williams suggest that inheritance (genetics) may account for as much as 50% of personality.

Question 11

Cattell's aim was to treat the personality,not merely study it.

Accepted Answer

Cattell's primary aim was to study and measure personality traits scientifically, not to treat them.

Question 12

At maturity,personality becomes more flexible compared to earlier stages.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that personality traits tend to become more stable with age, particularly after the age of 30, indicating less flexibility in personality at maturity compared to earlier stages of development.

Question 13

Cattell used the statistical procedure called factor analysis,which involves assessing the relationship between each possible pair of measurements taken from a group of research participants to determine common factors.

Accepted Answer

Cattell did indeed use factor analysis in his research.

Question 14

All of the following are personality factors identified by Ashton and Lee except:

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is not identified by Ashton and Lee in their HEXACO model of personality; instead, they use Emotionality to describe aspects of personality that relate to emotional stability.

Question 15

According to the Dark Triad of Personality by Paulhus and Williams,which of the following is a characteristic of narcissism?

Accepted Answer

Narcissism is characterized by an inflated sense of one's abilities, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Using great charm and violence, taking advantage of others, and manipulating others are more indicative of psychopathy and Machiavellianism, which are also part of the Dark Triad of Personality.

Question 16

Cattell described static traits as the traits concerned with motivation.

Accepted Answer

Cattell defined dynamic traits as being concerned with motivation or behavior, while static traits refer to personality traits that remain relatively stable across situations and time.

Question 17

Constitutional traits are unitary personality factors that are very stable and permanent,while source traits originate in biological conditions but are not necessarily innate.

Accepted Answer

Constitutional traits refer to characteristics that are believed to be determined by one's biological conditions and are often considered innate, whereas source traits are broad, underlying personality factors that are stable and influence behavior across different situations.

Question 18

According to the Dark Triad of Personality by Paulhus and Williams,which of the following is defined as the need to manipulate others,which is characterized by cunning,deceit,and unscrupulous behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Machiavellianism is defined in the Dark Triad of Personality as the need to manipulate others through cunning, deceit, and unscrupulous behaviors. Narcissism is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy for others, while psychopathy is characterized by impulsivity, a lack of remorse, and a disregard for social norms. Homophobia is not a personality trait included in the Dark Triad.

Question 19

Environmental-mold traits derive from influences in our social and physical environments.

Accepted Answer

Environmental mold can be influenced by both our social and physical environments, such as moisture levels in buildings or the presence of mold in our homes or workplaces. These environmental factors can contribute to the growth and spread of mold, and can also affect our exposure to it. Additionally, individual traits such as genetics and immune system function can influence our susceptibility to mold-related health effects.

Question 20

Ability traits describe the general style and emotional tone of our behavior.

Accepted Answer

Ability traits refer to enduring personal characteristics that influence our capability in various skills and tasks, such as intelligence, aptitude, and talents, rather than the style and emotional tone of our behavior, which are more closely related to personality traits.

Quiz 8: Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck, The Five-Factor Theory, Hexaco, and the Dark Triad