Question 1

What U.S.Supreme Court case ended the practice of the death penalty for juveniles?

Accepted Answer

Roper v. Simmons (2005) is the U.S. Supreme Court case that ended the practice of imposing the death penalty for juveniles who commit capital crimes. The Court determined that a national consensus had emerged against the execution of juvenile offenders, and that the practice was therefore unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 2

Juvenile court statutes normally restrict appeals to cases where the juvenile seeks review of a _________________,which is a document that ends the litigation between two parties by determining all their rights and disposing of all the issues.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile court statutes normally restrict appeals to cases where a final order has been issued. A final order is a document that ends the litigation between two parties by determining all their rights and disposing of all the issues. Option B (writ of habeas corpus) is not applicable to this question as it is a legal action through which a person can seek relief from unlawful detention. Option C (confidentiality agreement) and D (consent decree) are also not relevant to the context of the question.

Question 3

In what U.S.Supreme Court case did the justices end juvenile sentences of life without parole?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court case that ended juvenile sentences of life without parole is Miller v. Alabama. This case decided that mandatory sentences of life without parole for juveniles violated the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 4

What U.S.Supreme Court case ensures due process rights for juveniles,including the right to an attorney at a transfer hearing?

Accepted Answer

In re Gault is the U.S. Supreme Court case that ensures due process rights for juveniles, including the right to an attorney at a transfer hearing.

Question 5

_______________________ are volunteers who advise the court about child placement issues,volunteer to investigate the needs of children,and provide a vital link between the court members.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________________ are volunteers who advise the court...

Question 6

Which of the following is true with regard to juvenile detention?

Accepted Answer

According to the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, juveniles should not be held in detention for more than 24 hours without a formal petition and court hearing to extend the detention period.

Option A is incorrect because the actual percentage varies depending on the jurisdiction, but it is generally less than 50 percent.

Option B is incorrect because it is illegal to place juveniles in adult facilities, and it is only done in exceptional circumstances.

Option D is incorrect because while suicide rates among juvenile detainees are higher than the general population, the actual percentage is much lower than one in seven.

Question 7

What type of sentences is defined by a statutory requirement that states the penalty to be set for all cases of a specific offense?

Accepted Answer

A statutory requirement that states the penalty to be set for all cases of a specific offense is known as a mandatory sentence.

Question 8

__________________ is addressed in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S.Constitution.

Accepted Answer

Due process is explicitly addressed in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. These amendments ensure that the government follows fair procedures when depriving individuals of life, liberty, or property. This includes a right to a fair and impartial trial, the right to be represented by an attorney, and protection against self-incrimination.

Question 9

If Gerald is convicted in a criminal court of homicide,what sentencing option(s)does the jury have?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If Gerald is convicted in a criminal...

Question 10

In Schall v.Martin,the U.S.Supreme Court allows the practice of _____________,which grants the state the right to detain dangerous youth until their trial for the protection of the juvenile and community.

Accepted Answer

The practice of preventive detention, which allows the state to detain juveniles deemed dangerous until their trial, was upheld in Schall v. Martin by the U.S. Supreme Court. This decision grants the state the ability to protect both the juvenile and the community from potential harm.

Question 11

What issues might Johnny's attorney have faced during his trial that impeded a good defense?

Accepted Answer

All of these issues are potential obstacles that could impede a good defense for Johnny's attorney. The lack of resources for expert witnesses could limit the attorney's ability to present a compelling case. Keeping up with changing juvenile codes is essential for a competent defense, but it can be challenging. Inexperience and limited training could also make it difficult for the attorney to effectively represent Johnny during the trial.

Question 12

In the key constitutional case in the juvenile justice system,Gault was charged with:

Accepted Answer

In the landmark case In re Gault, the juvenile Gerald Gault was charged with making obscene phone calls. This case led to a Supreme Court decision that extended certain procedural rights to juveniles accused of crimes, recognizing the importance of due process under the Fourteenth Amendment for minors as well as adults.

Question 13

The U.S.Supreme Court upheld the practice of preventive detention in the case of ____________________.They argued that the practice protects the juvenile and society from pretrial crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The U.S.Supreme Court upheld the practice of...

Question 14

In Roper v.Simmons,the U.S.Supreme Court put an end to:

Accepted Answer

Roper v. Simmons ended the practice of the death penalty for juveniles, stating that it violated the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 15

If Gerald is acquitted in criminal court,what U.S.Supreme Court case ensures he cannot be tried again in juvenile court?

Accepted Answer

Breed v. Jones established the principle of double jeopardy in juvenile court. If a juvenile is tried and acquitted in criminal court, they cannot be retried in juvenile court for the same offense.

Question 16

Based on the scenario,what type of waiver procedure occurred?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the scenario,what type of waiver...

Question 17

At the end of the adjudication hearing,most juvenile court statutes require the judge to make a factual finding on the legal issues and evidence. What is not one of the ways the case is resolved?

Accepted Answer

Transferring the case to the adult system is not a way the case is resolved at the end of the adjudication hearing. The other three options are all possible outcomes of the hearing.

Question 18

The jurisdiction Johnny's case is in requires an appellate court review to determine whether,based on the evidence presented at the trial,the rulings of law and the judgment of the court were correct. This is called a:

Accepted Answer

A direct appeal is a review of a trial court's decision by an appellate court to determine the correctness of the rulings of law and the judgment of the court based on the evidence presented at trial. Consent decree refers to a settlement agreement between the parties involved in a lawsuit, while collateral attack is a legal proceeding attacking the validity of a judgment that is not directly appealable. Final order refers to a court's decision that finally disposes of a case or a particular claim, but it does not involve an appellate court review.

Question 19

In about half the states,a(n)_______________ sentence means having the judge place the offender with the state department of juvenile corrections until correctional authorities consider the youth ready to return to society or until the youth reaches legal majority.

Accepted Answer

An indeterminate sentence typically does not have a set release date and allows for the offender to be held under the custody of juvenile corrections until they are considered rehabilitated or reach legal majority. This type of sentence is often used for youth offenders who require more extensive rehabilitation and intervention.

Question 20

What U.S.Supreme Court case articulated the basic requirements of due process that must be satisfied in juvenile court proceedings?

Accepted Answer

In re Gault (1967) articulated the basic requirements of due process that must be satisfied in juvenile court proceedings, including the right to notice of charges, the right to counsel, the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses, and the right to remain silent.

Quiz 12: Police Work With Juveniles