Question 1

The transcribed and translated region of a gene is the __________ region.

Accepted Answer

The coding region of a gene is the portion that is transcribed and translated into a protein. The leader and trailer regions are part of the mRNA, but not translated into the protein product. The promoter region is involved in initiating transcription, but is not part of the transcribed and translated region of the gene.

Question 2

When RNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of a nucleotide to a growing mRNA chain,a byproduct of this reaction is

Accepted Answer

When RNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of a nucleotide to a growing mRNA chain, it forms a phosphodiester bond between the 3' hydroxyl group of the previous nucleotide and the 5' phosphate group of the new nucleotide. This reaction results in the release of a pyrophosphate molecule as a byproduct.

Question 3

Which of the following is common to both factor-dependent and factor-independent transcription termination?

Accepted Answer

Both factor-dependent and factor-independent termination involve a pause in polymerase movement. In factor-dependent termination, the pause occurs at a specific sequence where rho factor binds, while in factor-independent termination, it occurs at a sequence that forms a stem-loop structure.

Question 4

If the DNA of a new discovered organism exhibits genes that are arranged as operons and lacks intron sequences,the hypothesis that this organism is bacterial rather than mammalian would be supported by the evidence.

Accepted Answer

Operons and lack of introns are characteristics commonly found in bacterial DNA, rather than mammalian DNA. Therefore, the presence of these features would support the hypothesis that the newly discovered organism is bacterial rather than mammalian.

Question 5

The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called

Accepted Answer

The process by which DNA is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called transcription. Replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself. Reverse transcription is the process by which RNA is used to generate DNA, and translation is the process by which RNA is used to synthesize a protein.

Question 6

Key sequences exist within promoters,which vary somewhat among various promoters but are sufficiently constant that they can be represented by a sequence of bases most often found at each position.These representations are called __________ sequences.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the representation of key sequences that are sufficiently constant among various promoters is "consensus sequences".

Question 7

Messenger RNA molecules have a nontranslated sequence called the __________ ,which is located downstream of the termination codon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Messenger RNA molecules have a nontranslated sequence...

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct comparison between RNA polymerase holoenzyme that functions in transcription and the primase enzyme that functions in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase holoenzyme synthesizes RNA during transcription, while primase synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication. The other options are incorrect as RNA polymerase holoenzyme does not bind to sigma factor in all organisms, and neither enzyme synthesizes DNA or is composed of RNA.

Question 9

Which modification of the terminator region of a gene would specifically prevent rho-independent termination?

Accepted Answer

Rho-independent termination is mediated by the formation of a stem-loop structure followed by a stretch of adenine nucleotides in the mRNA transcript. Therefore, a modification in the adenine-rich sequence of nucleotides of the terminator region would specifically prevent rho-independent termination. The other options do not directly affect the formation of the stem-loop structure and the adenine stretch, which are essential for rho-independent termination.

Question 10

A bacterial __________ is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription.

Accepted Answer

A promoter is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription. An operon is a stretch of DNA that contains a promoter, an operator, and one or more genes that are transcribed as a single unit. An operator is a short segment of DNA that regulates the activity of the promoter by binding a specific repressor protein, while an initiator refers to the protein that recruits the RNA polymerase to the promoter region. Therefore, the best choice is C, promoter.

Question 11

The unexpressed regions of split genes are called

Accepted Answer

The unexpressed regions of split genes are called introns. Exons, on the other hand, are the expressed regions of split genes that code for proteins, while codons are specific sequences of nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid. Endons are not a term typically used in genetics or molecular biology.

Question 12

Modify the following statement to make it correct: Ribozymes are ribonucleosomes used by bacteria and eukaryotic cells to modify DNA.

Accepted Answer

Ribozymes are RNA molecules that act as enzymes to catalyze reactions, often involving the cleavage, ligation, or rearrangement of RNA sequences, not DNA. They are not ribonucleases, which are proteins that degrade RNA, nor are they ribonucleosomes, which is a term that incorrectly combines aspects of ribosomes (RNA-protein complexes that synthesize proteins) and nucleosomes (units of DNA wrapped around histone proteins). Ribozymes are found in both bacteria and eukaryotic cells.

Question 13

In Escherichia coli,if $\sigma$⁷⁰is not bound to RNA polymerase core enzyme,active transcription of the gene is not occurring.

Accepted Answer

In Escherichia coli, the sigma factor (σ) is required for the RNA polymerase core enzyme to initiate transcription by recognizing specific promoter regions on the DNA. However, the absence of σ factor bound to the RNA polymerase does not necessarily mean that active transcription of a gene is not occurring, as the core enzyme could be in the process of elongation or termination, phases which do not require the σ factor.

Question 14

If the product of a functional gene is not a protein,what other product(s)might be encoded by the gene?

Accepted Answer

Genes can encode for various types of RNA molecules, including transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are not translated into proteins but play crucial roles in the process of protein synthesis.

Question 15

On mRNA molecules,a nontranslated sequence called the ___________ usually precedes the initiation codon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On mRNA molecules,a nontranslated sequence called the...

Question 16

The region at which the RNA polymerase binds is the __________ region.

Accepted Answer

The region at which the RNA polymerase binds is called the promoter region.

Question 17

Which of the following is in the coding region of a gene?

Accepted Answer

The coding region of a gene, also known as the exons, contains the actual instructions for making a protein. The promoter, leader, and trailer regions are all non-coding regions that play regulatory roles in gene expression. Therefore, none of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Which statement defends the concept that the term "gene" is better defined as a nucleotide sequence that encodes for one or more functional products rather than encoding for one or more functional proteins?

Accepted Answer

This statement acknowledges that genes can encode for products other than just proteins, such as ribonucleotides, which is not reflected in the definition of a gene as encoding for functional proteins.

Question 19

The Pribnow box of

Accepted Answer

The Pribnow box is a consensus sequence of six nucleotides (TATAAT) located approximately 10 bp upstream of the start site of transcription in prokaryotic DNA.

Question 20

Postranscriptional modification to remove introns is needed for the bacterial RNA that has codon,rather than anticodon,sequences.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria do not have introns in their RNA, unlike eukaryotic organisms. Therefore, no postranscriptional modification is needed to remove introns from bacterial RNA. Additionally, both codons and anticodons are present in bacterial RNA, as they are necessary for translation.

Quiz 13: Bacterial Genome Replication and Expression

The transcribed and translated region of a gene is the __________ region.

When RNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of a nucleotide to a growing mRNA chain,a byproduct of this reaction is

Which of the following is common to both factor-dependent and factor-independent transcription termination?

If the DNA of a new discovered organism exhibits genes that are arranged as operons and lacks intron sequences,the hypothesis that this organism is bacterial rather than mammalian would be supported by the evidence.

The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called

Key sequences exist within promoters,which vary somewhat among various promoters but are sufficiently constant that they can be represented by a sequence of bases most often found at each position.These representations are called __________ sequences.

Messenger RNA molecules have a nontranslated sequence called the __________ ,which is located downstream of the termination codon.

Which of the following is a correct comparison between RNA polymerase holoenzyme that functions in transcription and the primase enzyme that functions in DNA replication?

Which modification of the terminator region of a gene would specifically prevent rho-independent termination?

A bacterial __________ is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription.

The unexpressed regions of split genes are called

Modify the following statement to make it correct: Ribozymes are ribonucleosomes used by bacteria and eukaryotic cells to modify DNA.

In Escherichia coli,if $\sigma$ ⁷⁰is not bound to RNA polymerase core enzyme,active transcription of the gene is not occurring.

If the product of a functional gene is not a protein,what other product(s) might be encoded by the gene?

On mRNA molecules,a nontranslated sequence called the ___________ usually precedes the initiation codon.

The region at which the RNA polymerase binds is the __________ region.

Which of the following is in the coding region of a gene?

Which statement defends the concept that the term "gene" is better defined as a nucleotide sequence that encodes for one or more functional products rather than encoding for one or more functional proteins?

The Pribnow box of

Postranscriptional modification to remove introns is needed for the bacterial RNA that has codon,rather than anticodon,sequences.

Quiz 13: Bacterial Genome Replication and Expression

The transcribed and translated region of a gene is the __________ region.

When RNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of a nucleotide to a growing mRNA chain,a byproduct of this reaction is

Which of the following is common to both factor-dependent and factor-independent transcription termination?

If the DNA of a new discovered organism exhibits genes that are arranged as operons and lacks intron sequences,the hypothesis that this organism is bacterial rather than mammalian would be supported by the evidence.

The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called

Key sequences exist within promoters,which vary somewhat among various promoters but are sufficiently constant that they can be represented by a sequence of bases most often found at each position.These representations are called __________ sequences.

Messenger RNA molecules have a nontranslated sequence called the __________ ,which is located downstream of the termination codon.

Which of the following is a correct comparison between RNA polymerase holoenzyme that functions in transcription and the primase enzyme that functions in DNA replication?

Which modification of the terminator region of a gene would specifically prevent rho-independent termination?

A bacterial __________ is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription.

The unexpressed regions of split genes are called

Modify the following statement to make it correct: Ribozymes are ribonucleosomes used by bacteria and eukaryotic cells to modify DNA.

In Escherichia coli,if σ\sigmaσ 70 is not bound to RNA polymerase core enzyme,active transcription of the gene is not occurring.

If the product of a functional gene is not a protein,what other product(s) might be encoded by the gene?

On mRNA molecules,a nontranslated sequence called the ___________ usually precedes the initiation codon.

The region at which the RNA polymerase binds is the __________ region.

Which of the following is in the coding region of a gene?

Which statement defends the concept that the term "gene" is better defined as a nucleotide sequence that encodes for one or more functional products rather than encoding for one or more functional proteins?

The Pribnow box of

Postranscriptional modification to remove introns is needed for the bacterial RNA that has codon,rather than anticodon,sequences.

In Escherichia coli,if $\sigma$ ⁷⁰is not bound to RNA polymerase core enzyme,active transcription of the gene is not occurring.