Question 1

Theo not only inherited a tendency to be of very high intelligence from his parents,but on IQ tests,he scores very high.Our actual set of traits that we exhibit,such as an excellent performance on an IQ test,is called

Accepted Answer

Phenotype refers to the actual traits that are exhibited or expressed, such as an excellent performance on an IQ test. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup that contributes to these traits. Temperament and personality are broader constructs that encompass a range of traits and characteristics beyond just intelligence.

Question 2

Nicole is a long-distance runner.She believes in the importance of proper diet and exercise.As such,she provides a healthy diet for her two-year-old daughter,enrolls her in toddler gymnastic classes,and encourages her daughter's outdoor physical activities.Which of the following genetic-environment correlations does this BEST represent?

Accepted Answer

Nicole's actions represent a passive genetic-environment correlation because she is providing an environment that aligns with her own genetic predispositions (e.g., towards physical activity and health) without her daughter actively choosing this environment.

Question 3

Developmental psychologist Sandra Scarr described three types of correlations between genetic and environmental influences.These are passive correlation,active correlation,and

Accepted Answer

The three types of correlations between genetic and environmental influences are passive correlation, active correlation, and evocative correlation. Therefore, the best choice is B), evocative correlation.

Question 4

Alpha-fetoprotein assay can be used to

Accepted Answer

Alpha-fetoprotein assay is used to detect neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, in the developing fetus. It is a blood test that measures the levels of alpha-fetoprotein, a protein produced by the fetus and found in the amniotic fluid and maternal blood. High levels of alpha-fetoprotein can indicate a neural tube defect, while low levels can indicate Down syndrome. It cannot assess sex chromosome abnormalities, degree of mental retardation, or measure insulin levels in the fetus.

Question 5

The following twin pair would physically resemble each other the most:

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins are identical twins that are formed from a single fertilized egg splitting into two embryos. This means that they have the exact same genetic material and will physically resemble each other the most. Dizygotic twins, on the other hand, are formed from two separate eggs being fertilized by two separate sperm, and while they share 50% of their genetic material like any siblings, they may not look very similar. Dizygotic twins of either sex (option A) and dizygotic males (option C) may share some physical similarities, but not to the same extent as monozygotic twins. The gender of the monozygotic twins (option D) does not necessarily impact their physical resemblance to each other.

Question 6

Jenny is a high school freshman.She has always enjoyed playing musical instruments.As a result,she decides to join the marching band at her school as well as take a class in music theory.Which of the following genetic-environment correlations does this best represent?

Accepted Answer

Jenny's decision to join the marching band and take a music theory class represents an active correlation because she is actively seeking out and selecting environmental experiences that align with her genetic predisposition for enjoying musical instruments.

Question 7

In comparison to dizygotic (DZ)twins,monozygotic (MZ)twins are

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic (MZ) twins come from a single fertilized egg and share the same genetic makeup, making them more likely to be similar on physical characteristics such as blood pressure and brain wave patterns. Dizygotic (DZ) twins, on the other hand, come from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells and are no more alike genetically than non-twin siblings. Therefore, MZ twins are more likely to be similar on physical characteristics than DZ twins.

Question 8

If genes are implicated in any given physical trait or behavior pattern,then you would expect

Accepted Answer

Siblings would be more similar on the trait than cousins because they share more genetic material. Cousins only share a portion of their genetic material due to being the offspring of siblings.

Question 9

Kia and Mia are monozygotic twins.At birth,they were separated and adopted by different families.Kia grew up in Los Angeles.Mia grew up in New York City.Given the research,you would expect Kia and Mia to

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins share 100% of their genetic material, regardless of whether they were raised together or separately. Therefore, Kia and Mia would be expected to share the same degree of genetic similarity as twins reared together. However, their environments will still have an impact on their behavior and preferences, meaning that they may not be identical in these aspects.

Question 10

Charlotte inherited personality traits,such as her activity and sociability levels,from her parents.Traits we inherit from our parents are referred to as our

Accepted Answer

Traits we inherit from our parents are referred to as our genotype. A phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an individual, while temperament and personality are broader terms that encompass a range of factors beyond inherited traits.

Question 11

Our inherited traits can vary in expression given our unique environments.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Reaction range refers to the range of possible expressions of a given trait based on environmental factors. This means that even with the same genes, different individuals can have different expressions of that trait based on their environment. Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an individual that result from the interaction of their genotype and environment. Genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup. "Averaging" of genetic instructions carried by one's parents is not a recognized term in genetics.

Question 12

The following could influence behavioral similarity in monozygotic twins:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following could influence behavioral similarity in...

Question 13

If a mother has an elevated AFP level,this means her fetus

Accepted Answer

An elevated AFP level in a mother's blood may indicate a neural tube defect in the fetus. However, further examination through amniocentesis or ultrasound is necessary to confirm the presence of these defects. Therefore, choice B is the best option. Option A is partially correct, but it does not account for the need for further examination. Option C and D are both incorrect as an elevated AFP level does not indicate a sex-linked disorder or premature birth.

Question 14

Because Sebastian lacks access to healthy food,he may not grow to be as tall as he could.However,if healthy food becomes available,his body may "snap back into its genetically determined path." What is the term used to describe this process?

Accepted Answer

Canalization refers to the idea that genetic factors will drive development towards a specific outcome, even in the face of environmental challenges. In Sebastian's case, his genetics may eventually drive his development towards his genetically determined path of growth, even if he has experienced a lack of access to healthy food.

Question 15

Which of the following is LESS highly canalized?

Accepted Answer

Canalization refers to the degree to which the development of a trait is buffered against environmental variability. Intelligence is less highly canalized because it shows more variation in response to different environmental conditions compared to developmental milestones like sitting up, crawling, or speaking, which tend to follow a more predictable pattern across different environments.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding parents and their children?

Accepted Answer

Parents and their biological children share about 50% of their genetic material, which includes both dominant and recessive genes. This is due to the fact that each parent passes on half of their genetic material to their child.

Question 17

Dizygotic twins are MORE likely to inherit _____________ than monozygotic twins.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins, like any siblings, share about 50% of their genes, while monozygotic twins share nearly 100%. Therefore, monozygotic twins are more likely to inherit genetic conditions than dizygotic twins.

Question 18

Of the following,the accurate statement is

Accepted Answer

Fetal testing does carry some risk, but it can be necessary to detect potential issues with the fetus. Therefore, option B, "although there is some risk with fetal testing, it is sometimes necessary" is the accurate statement. Options A, C, and D are not accurate as there is always some degree of risk associated with fetal testing, risk shouldn't prohibit testing if necessary, and the risk can be to both the mother and fetus.

Question 19

Matthew likes to sing,dance,and act.Due to this,he decided to join the theatre club at his high school.Choosing environments that allow us to develop inherited preferences is termed

Accepted Answer

Niche-picking refers to the tendency to select environments that complement our inherited traits and preferences. In this case, Matthew's preference for singing, dancing, and acting led him to join the theatre club, which is an environment that allows him to develop these skills further.

Question 20

Elijah is very shy.He is quiet and rarely seeks out other children to play with.His parents,teachers,and friends leave him alone to play and spend time by himself.Which genetic-environment correlation does this best represent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elijah is very shy.He is quiet and...

Quiz 2: Heredity and Conception