Question 1

From a sociological perspective,the leadership process is fluid and not static in nature.

Accepted Answer

The leadership process involves interactions between leaders and followers, which are influenced by various internal and external factors. This makes it a dynamic and ever-changing process, rather than a fixed or predetermined one. Therefore, the leadership process is fluid and not static in nature according to sociological perspectives.

Question 2

An increasing number of management gurus are suggesting that many of today's organizations are undermanaged and overled.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 3

According to Albert J.Murphy,the leader does not inject leadership but is the instrumental factor through which the situation is brought to a solution.

Accepted Answer

Albert J. Murphy believed that a leader is not someone who injects leadership, but rather someone who is instrumental in finding a solution to a given situation. This means that a leader is not necessarily born with leadership qualities, but they use their skills and expertise to solve problems and navigate through different situations.

Question 4

Autocratic,democratic,and servant are examples of the thematic perspective of leadership.

Accepted Answer

These are examples of leadership styles, not the thematic perspective of leadership. The thematic perspective focuses on overarching themes or patterns in leadership research and theory, such as transformational or transactional leadership, rather than specific styles.

Question 5

Leadership situations may be conceived as those in which there exists an obligation or a perceived right on the part of certain individuals to define the reality of others.

Accepted Answer

In leadership situations, individuals often hold the power to shape or influence the perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors of others, therefore, they may define the reality of those who follow them. This can create an obligation or a perceived right to do so.

Question 6

According to Taoism,a leader is best when people despise and fear him.

Accepted Answer

This statement does not align with Taoist principles of leadership, which emphasize humility, compassion, and leading by example. Taoist leaders are meant to inspire respect and trust, rather than fear and despise.

Question 7

Most patterns of formal organization institutionalize the emergent characteristics of leadership into roles,rules,and relations that give tangible and enduring form to relationships between leaders and led.

Accepted Answer

Formal organizations create concrete and lasting structures around the concept of leadership, such as defining leadership roles, establishing rules for the behavior of leaders and followers, and determining the relationships between them.

Question 8

found that the leader's initiatives to provide goal orientations within the group led to antagonism,tension,and absenteeism.

Accepted Answer

Research on leadership and group dynamics generally suggests that clear goal orientation and leadership initiatives aimed at defining and achieving common objectives tend to improve group cohesion, motivation, and productivity, rather than leading to negative outcomes like antagonism, tension, and absenteeism.

Question 9

Leadership as a psychological phenomenon studies the personality and traits of individuals possessing leadership qualities.

Accepted Answer

Leadership as a psychological phenomenon examines the characteristics, behaviors, and skills of individuals who are effective leaders. It includes studying their personality traits, communication styles, decision-making processes, and other psychological factors that contribute to their leadership abilities.

Question 10

Perceived legitimacy refers to how followers concede power to leaders in order to avoid punishment.

Accepted Answer

Perceived legitimacy actually refers to the belief among followers that their leader has a legitimate right to lead, which is often based on factors like values, traditions, laws, or the leader's personal qualities and actions, rather than merely avoiding punishment.

Question 11

Leadership,when viewed from a psychological perspective,is framed as an interplay and relationship between two or more actors within a particular context.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leadership,when viewed from a psychological perspective,is framed...

Question 12

Leadership may actually work against the development of self-responsibility,self-initiative,and self-control,especially when leaders create situations in which individuals are crippled by purposelessness.

Accepted Answer

When leaders create an environment where individuals lack a clear purpose or direction, they may become dependent on the leader to provide direction and motivation, which can hinder the development of self-responsibility, self-initiative, and self-control. Therefore, leadership can potentially work against the development of these important traits, particularly in situations where a lack of purpose or direction is present.

Question 13

Individuals look to a leader to frame and concretize their reality,and are incapable of rejecting or changing the reality thus defined.

Accepted Answer

Individuals have the capacity to think critically and question the reality presented by a leader, and they can reject or change their perspectives based on new information or personal beliefs.

Question 14

Bandura and Walters used the identification of children with adult models to study leadership.

Accepted Answer

Bandura and Walters used the identification of children with adult models to study leadership in their social learning theory research.

Question 15

An early element of confusion in the study of leadership was the failure to distinguish it as a process from the leader as a person who occupies a central role in that process.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Early studies of leadership often conflated the concept of leadership as a process with the individual leader who occupies a position of authority within that process. It was not until later that scholars began to differentiate between the two and focus more on the dynamics and interactions of leadership as a process.

Question 16

When a group situation embodies competing definitions of reality,no clear pattern of leadership evolves.

Accepted Answer

When competing definitions of reality exist within a group situation, it creates confusion and lack of direction, making it difficult for a clear pattern of leadership to emerge.

Question 17

While leadership,self-confidence,ascendancy,and other traits and attitudes,carry over from one situation to another,it is not because the situations are identical to one another,rather these traits are fixed qualities in people.

Accepted Answer

Traits like leadership and self-confidence are not entirely fixed qualities; they can be developed and influenced by various situations and experiences. People can grow and adapt their abilities across different contexts.

Question 18

According to Hollander and Julian,the main focus of the situational approach was the study of leaders in different settings,defined especially in terms of different group tasks and group structure.

Accepted Answer

The situational approach focused on studying leaders in different settings and their effectiveness based on different group tasks and structures.

Question 19

The informal role of leadership occurs when an emergent leader arises from a set of dynamics,rather than being officially assigned.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. The informal role of leadership can occur when someone steps up and takes on a leadership role based on their own abilities and the dynamics of the group, rather than being assigned or appointed to the position. This can happen in a variety of settings, from workplace teams to community organizations to social groups.

Question 20

The study of leadership started with the assumption that it was a phenomenon embedded in the follower,as opposed to within the leader.

Accepted Answer

The study of leadership started with the assumption that it was a phenomenon embedded in the leader, as opposed to within the follower.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Leadership