Question 1

The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.

Question 2

Umar,a general manager in a fast-food chain,has employees all under the age of 25,and most of his workers are good employees.However,Umar still believes his workers are irresponsible and lack ambition.Umar is a Theory X manager.

Accepted Answer

Theory X represents a pessimistic,negative view of workers.In this view,workers are considered to be irresponsible,to be resistant to change,to lack ambition,to hate work,and to want to be led rather than to lead.Theory Y represents the outlook of human relations proponents,an optimistic,positive view of workers.

Question 3

Joe,a plant manager,was interested in utilizing the differential rate system of scientific management in his factory because it suggested paying workers less to cut costs when production first increased.

Accepted Answer

Frederick Taylor suggested employers institute a differential rate system,in which more efficient workers earned higher wages.

Question 4

The Hawthorne studies succeeded in drawing attention to the importance of "social man" and how managers using good human relations could improve worker productivity.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies succeeded in drawing attention to the importance of "social man" (social beings)and how managers using good human relations could improve worker productivity.This in turn led to the so-called human relations movement in the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 5

Mary Parker Follett believed that organizations should be under heavy management control,with managers resolving conflicts and controlling the work process.

Accepted Answer

Mary Parker Follett believed that (1)organizations should be operated as "communities," with managers and subordinates working together in harmony; (2)conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties-a process she called integration;and (3)the work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant conflicts resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that satisfy both parties,a process she called integration.

Question 6

A problem with the classical viewpoint is that it does not consider overall company and global problems and goals.

Accepted Answer

A flaw in the classical viewpoint is that it is mechanistic;it tends to view humans as cogs within a machine,not taking into account the importance of human needs.

Question 7

Motion studies broke down each worker's job into basic physical motions and then trained workers to use the methods of their best-performing coworkers.

Accepted Answer

Frederick Taylor based his scientific management system (part of the classical viewpoint)on motion studies,in which he broke down each worker's job into basic physical motions and then trained workers to use the methods of their best-performing coworkers.

Question 8

Carmakers have broken down automobile manufacturing into its basic tasks,such as on an assembly line,because the application of scientific methods and job specialization boosts productivity.

Accepted Answer

The essence of the classical viewpoint was that work activity was amenable to a rational approach,that through the application of scientific methods,time and motion studies,and job specialization it was possible to boost productivity.Indeed,these concepts are still in use today;carmakers have broken down automobile manufacturing into its basic tasks,such as on an assembly line,because the application of scientific methods and job specialization boosts productivity.

Question 9

Behavioral science relies on data from past sales to determine forecasts regarding human behavior to develop strategic plans and goals.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral science relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers.The disciplines of behavioral science include psychology,sociology,anthropology,and economics.

Question 10

Don,a production manager,has decided to utilize the Hawthorne effect in his facility because studies have shown that this theory will increase production by giving more independence to employees as they receive less attention.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect theorized that employees worked harder if they received added attention,if they thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them.

Question 11

Abraham Maslow said that all needs are equal in importance and need to be satisfied daily.

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow would say some needs must be satisfied before others.

Question 12

Olde Manufacturing,a parts supplier to the auto industry,has been using the behavioral approach to management for over 100 years.However,since that method of management is too simplistic for practical use,Olde should begin implementing the newer and more sophisticated human relations movement approach to management.

Accepted Answer

The human relations movement was a necessary correction to the sterile approach used within scientific management,but its optimism came to be considered too simplistic for practical use.More recently,the human relations view has been superseded by the behavioral science approach to management.

Question 13

According to Fayol,the major functions of management are planning,monitoring,leading,and motivating.

Accepted Answer

According to Fayol,the major functions of management are planning,organizing,leading,and controlling,as well as coordinating.

Question 14

Max Weber felt that bureaucracy is irrational,inefficient,and not ideal for organizations.

Accepted Answer

To German sociologist Max Weber,a bureaucracy was a rational,efficient,ideal organization based on principles of logic.

Question 15

The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and increasing diversity.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.

Question 16

The human relations movement proposed that better rules and procedures could increase worker productivity.

Accepted Answer

The human relations movement proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity.

Question 17

In our time,the word bureaucracy has come to have negative associations: impersonality,inflexibility,red tape,and a molasses-like response to problems.

Accepted Answer

In our time,the word bureaucracy has come to have negative associations: impersonality,inflexibility,red tape,a molasses-like response to problems.

Question 18

When the Americans entered the war in 1941,they used the British model to form operations research teams to determine how to deploy troops,submarines,and equipment most effectively.These techniques have evolved into quantitative management.

Accepted Answer

When the Americans entered the war in 1941,they used a successful statistical British model to form operations research (OR)teams to determine how to deploy troops,submarines,and other military personnel and equipment most effectively.OR techniques have since evolved into quantitative management.

Question 19

Ann,an industrial psychologist,has been studying Hugo Munsterberg's beliefs of human behavior in the workplace because she feels his principles could contribute to her industry,namely to determine which people are best suited to specific jobs,to identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work,and devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests.

Accepted Answer

Munsterberg suggested that psychologists could contribute to industry in three ways: (1)study jobs and determine which people are best suited to specific jobs, (2)identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work,and (3)devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests.

Question 20

Paul,an MBA student and small-business owner,is interested in implementing the administrative management approach because this method of management focuses on improving employee morale.

Accepted Answer

Administrative management is concerned with managing the total organization.

Quiz 2: Management Theory: Essential Background for the Successful Manager

The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.

Umar,a general manager in a fast-food chain,has employees all under the age of 25,and most of his workers are good employees.However,Umar still believes his workers are irresponsible and lack ambition.Umar is a Theory X manager.

Joe,a plant manager,was interested in utilizing the differential rate system of scientific management in his factory because it suggested paying workers less to cut costs when production first increased.

The Hawthorne studies succeeded in drawing attention to the importance of "social man" and how managers using good human relations could improve worker productivity.

Mary Parker Follett believed that organizations should be under heavy management control,with managers resolving conflicts and controlling the work process.

A problem with the classical viewpoint is that it does not consider overall company and global problems and goals.

Motion studies broke down each worker's job into basic physical motions and then trained workers to use the methods of their best-performing coworkers.

Carmakers have broken down automobile manufacturing into its basic tasks,such as on an assembly line,because the application of scientific methods and job specialization boosts productivity.

Behavioral science relies on data from past sales to determine forecasts regarding human behavior to develop strategic plans and goals.

Don,a production manager,has decided to utilize the Hawthorne effect in his facility because studies have shown that this theory will increase production by giving more independence to employees as they receive less attention.

Abraham Maslow said that all needs are equal in importance and need to be satisfied daily.

According to Fayol,the major functions of management are planning,monitoring,leading,and motivating.

Max Weber felt that bureaucracy is irrational,inefficient,and not ideal for organizations.

The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and increasing diversity.

The human relations movement proposed that better rules and procedures could increase worker productivity.

In our time,the word bureaucracy has come to have negative associations: impersonality,inflexibility,red tape,and a molasses-like response to problems.

When the Americans entered the war in 1941,they used the British model to form operations research teams to determine how to deploy troops,submarines,and equipment most effectively.These techniques have evolved into quantitative management.

Paul,an MBA student and small-business owner,is interested in implementing the administrative management approach because this method of management focuses on improving employee morale.