Question 1

According to some studies, African American schoolchildren in the United States score, on average, _____ points lower on standardized intelligence tests than non- Latino White American schoolchildren do.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that, on average, African American schoolchildren score 10 to 15 points lower on standardized intelligence tests compared to non-Latino White American schoolchildren. This gap is often attributed to a variety of socio-economic, educational, and cultural factors rather than inherent differences in intelligence.

Question 2

Individuals who are categorized as having moderate mental retardation have an IQ of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who are categorized as having moderate...

Question 3

Because of the difficulties in creating culture-fair tests, Robert Sternberg concludes that there are only _____ tests.

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, difficulties in creating culture-fair tests lead Robert Sternberg to conclude that only culture-reduced tests can be created. There is no mention of culture-free or culture-neutral tests, and culture-biased tests are explicitly not considered fair. Therefore, the best choice is A) culture-reduced.

Question 4

What percentage of mentally retarded are considered moderately retarded?

Accepted Answer

According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, approximately 6 percent of individuals with intellectual disability fall under the category of moderate intellectual disability. The majority of individuals with intellectual disability fall under mild (about 85 percent) or severe (about 9 percent) categories.

Question 5

Patrick is an experienced farmer who is very good at his job. According to Howard Gardner, which of the following types of intelligence is Patrick most likely to score highly on?

Accepted Answer

Patrick's expertise in farming involves a deep understanding of plants, animals, and the natural world. This suggests a high level of naturalist intelligence, which focuses on the ability to recognize and categorize patterns in nature.

Question 6

Julie has an IQ of 50. She lives in a group home and works at a recycling plant, sorting cans and bottles into bins. Overall, Julie functions at the level of a second-grader. Julie's level of mental retardation is considered _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Julie has an IQ of 50. She...

Question 7

About _____ percent of the mentally retarded fall into the mild category.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About _____ percent of the mentally retarded...

Question 8

About _____ percent of the mentally retarded are in the severe category, with IQs of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About _____ percent of the mentally retarded...

Question 9

Many intelligence tests are biased in that they:

Accepted Answer

Many intelligence tests have cultural biases because they are created and normed on specific populations with certain cultural backgrounds. This means that individuals from other cultures may not perform as well on the test, even if they possess the same level of intelligence as those from the normative sample. It is important to consider cultural differences and create tests that are unbiased and fair for all individuals. A, B, and D do not accurately represent the issues surrounding biased intelligence tests.

Question 10

Which of the following individuals is likely to fall into the profoundly mentally retarded category?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with an IQ of 20 or below are generally classified as falling under the profoundly mentally retarded category.

Question 11

Paul has an IQ of 60. He lives in his own apartment and supports himself with a job. He has many friends, goes bowling, and eats out frequently. He has no difficulty adapting to everyday life. According to the definition of mental retardation, Paul is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paul has an IQ of 60. He...

Question 12

Less than 1 percent of mentally retarded Americans are considered to be:

Accepted Answer

Profound mental retardation is the most severe level of intellectual disability, characterized by an IQ score below 20-25. It is extremely rare, accounting for less than 1 percent of intellectually disabled individuals in the United States.

Question 13

The consensus among psychologists that both heredity and environment influence intelligence reflects the _____.

Accepted Answer

The debate over whether nature (heredity) or nurture (environment) has a greater influence on behavior and development is known as the nature-nurture issue. The consensus among psychologists is that both factors contribute to intelligence.

Question 14

Which of the following is a type of intelligence identified by Howard Gardner?

Accepted Answer

These are two of the multiple intelligences identified by Howard Gardner in his theory of multiple intelligences. Intrapersonal intelligence refers to self-awareness and understanding one's emotions and thoughts, while creative intelligence refers to the ability to create and imagine. Analytical intelligence and practical intelligence are not among the multiple intelligences identified by Gardner.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about IQ and intelligence is true?

Accepted Answer

IQ scores have been rapidly increasing around the world, a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect, which suggests that environmental factors such as improved nutrition, education, and other societal changes have contributed to this increase.

Question 16

Individuals who fall into the profoundly mentally retarded classification:

Accepted Answer

Individuals who fall into the profoundly mentally retarded classification require constant supervision because they have significant impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which affects their ability to care for themselves and make safe decisions.

Question 17

What percentage of the mentally retarded fall into the classification of the profoundly mentally retarded?

Accepted Answer

According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, only about 1 percent of individuals with intellectual disability fall into the classification of the profoundly mentally retarded. This group typically has IQ scores below 20 and significant deficits in multiple areas of functioning.

Question 18

Nathan Brody and many other researchers have observed that people who excel at one type of intellectual task are:

Accepted Answer

Nathan Brody and other researchers have observed that people who excel at one type of intellectual task are likely to excel at others as well. This suggests that there is a general intelligence factor (referred to as "g" in some theories) that contributes to performance across a range of cognitive tasks.

Question 19

Those individuals who have IQs of 55 to 70 fall into the _____ category of mental retardation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those individuals who have IQs of 55...

Question 20

The worldwide increase in intelligence scores that has occurred over a short period of time has been called the:

Accepted Answer

The term "Flynn effect" refers to the global phenomenon of an increase in intelligence test scores over time, named after James R. Flynn who first recognized this pattern. The other answer choices are not accurate descriptions of this phenomenon.

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood