Question 1

According to the UNICEF (2012), in most cultures around the world:

Accepted Answer

UNICEF (2012) states that in most cultures around the world women have less power and status than men and they control fewer resources. This is supported by various studies and reports on gender inequality and discrimination, which show that women face significant barriers in accessing education, healthcare, employment, and political participation, among other areas. Despite some progress in recent years, there is still a long way to go to achieve gender equality and empower women worldwide.

Question 2

Karen is often praised for gender typical behavior. Her parents make statements like "Karen you are such a good girl when you play with your doll!" Gender researchers would use this as support for what theory of gender development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Karen is often praised for gender typical...

Question 3

The primary social theories of gender include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology view is not primarily a social theory of gender; it focuses on biological and evolutionary explanations for gender differences.

Question 4

Suzie, 3, has to eat everything on her plate at dinner or her father punishes her by sending her to bed without dinner the next day. Suzie also has strict schedules for playing, television, and studying, and any disobedience leads to spanking and punishments. Suzie's father is most likely a(n):

Accepted Answer

Suzie's father is exhibiting authoritarian parenting style, which emphasizes strict control, obedience, and punishment. The other options (authoritative, indulgent, neglectful) are not consistent with the level of control and punishments described in the scenario.

Question 5

The psychoanalytic theory of gender stems from Freud's view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent. Which of the following describes this condition in girls?

Accepted Answer

The Electra complex is the psychoanalytic theory of gender development in girls. It suggests that during the phallic stage of development, girls develop a sexual attraction to their fathers and begin to feel jealousy toward their mothers, leading to a desire to possess their fathers. This theory is based on Freud's more widely known Oedipus complex, in which boys develop a sexual attraction to their mothers and feel jealousy toward their fathers.

Question 6

In the context of the size of same-sex groups of children, from about 5 years of age onward:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of the size of...

Question 7

Girls are more likely to engage in "_____," in which they talk and act in a more reciprocal manner.

Accepted Answer

Collaborative discourse is the type of communication where individuals engage in reciprocal conversations and work together to find solutions or make decisions. This type of discourse is commonly observed among girls who are more likely to engage in collaborative communication as compared to boys. Rough-and-tumble play involves physical activities like wrestling, chasing, and play fighting, while ego displays and dominating play involve behaviors that aim to assert dominance and control over others.

Question 8

The social role theory suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The social role theory argues that the social hierarchy and division of labor in society contribute to gender differences in behavior and personality traits. This theory suggests that societal expectations and norms about gender roles and behaviors shape individuals' behaviors and personalities, rather than biological factors alone. It emphasizes the importance of societal influences on gendered behavior and the ways in which gender roles can be changed or challenged.

Question 9

A gender _____ organizes the world in terms of female and male.

Accepted Answer

A gender schema is a cognitive framework that organizes information in the world based on gender, dividing people and objects into male and female categories. It can shape individuals' beliefs and expectations about gender roles, behaviors, and characteristics.

Question 10

Children between the ages of 3 and 12 usually prefer to play in groups that are made up of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children between the ages of 3 and...

Question 11

This theory of gender stems from the view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.

Accepted Answer

This theory is part of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of gender, which posits that children develop a sexual attraction (termed the Oedipus or Electra complex) to the parent of the opposite sex, subsequently identifying with the same-sex parent and internalizing gender norms and roles based on this identification.

Question 12

A _____ is a cognitive structure, a network of associations that guide an individual's perceptions.

Accepted Answer

A schema is a cognitive structure that consists of a person's knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about a particular topic or concept. It serves as a framework or template for perception, allowing individuals to quickly categorize and interpret new information based on their existing knowledge and experiences.

Question 13

Around the age of _____, children already show a preference to spend time with same-sex playmates.

Accepted Answer

According to research, around the age of 3, children usually start showing a preference to spend time with same-sex playmates.

Question 14

According to Freud, preschool boys develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent in a process called the _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual development theory, preschool boys develop a sexual attraction to their mothers and jealousy of their fathers in a process called the Oedipus complex.

Question 15

Children are internally motivated to perceive the world and to act in accordance with their developing _____.

Accepted Answer

Schemas refer to the mental frameworks or models that children use to make sense of the world around them. Children develop and adapt their schemas as they encounter new experiences and information, which drives their motivation to perceive and act in accordance with their developing understanding of the world. Preferences, roles, and orientations can also influence children's behavior, but they are typically shaped by external factors such as social norms, cultural expectations, and individual choices.

Question 16

Bit by bit, children pick up what is gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate in their culture, and develop gender _____ that shape how they perceive the world and what they remember.

Accepted Answer

Gender schemas are cognitive structures that organize information about gender into categories and guide behaviors and perceptions. Children develop gender schemas by observing and internalizing gender norms and roles in their culture.

Question 17

Which of the following fuels gender typing?

Accepted Answer

Gender schemas refer to the cognitive structures that determine how individuals process and organize information about gender. These schemas fuel gender typing by influencing the ways in which individuals perceive, evaluate, and behave towards themselves and others based on their gender. Gender identity (B) is an individual's subjective sense of their own gender, which may be influenced by gender schemas and other factors, but does not inherently fuel gender typing. Gender bias (C) refers to the unequal treatment or representation of individuals based on their gender and is a result of gender typing, not a fuel for it. Gender mismatch (D) is not a recognized term in the field of psychology and is not relevant to the concept of gender typing.

Question 18

According to Freud, at which age does the child renounce the sexual attraction he/she feels toward the parent of the opposite sex because of anxious feelings?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the Oedipus complex occurs in the phallic stage, which is between 3 to 6 years of age. During this stage, the child develops sexual desires toward the parent of the opposite sex and feels hostility toward the same-sex parent. However, the child eventually identifies with the same-sex parent and learns to renounce their sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent because of feelings of guilt and anxiety. This process is known as the resolution of the Oedipus complex. Therefore, the child renounces the sexual attraction around 5 or 6 years of age.

Question 19

Who among the following is MOST likely to be rejected by peers on the basis of gender roles?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who among the following is MOST likely...

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about parental influences on children's gender development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

According to the UNICEF (2012) , in most cultures around the world: