Question 1

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as:

Accepted Answer

Jermaine's behavior of using his mother as a "safe base" while actively exploring indicates a secure attachment style. Therefore, choice A - securely attached is the best choice. The other options (B, C, and D) are not recognized attachment styles in Mary Ainsworth's theory.

Question 2

During phase 1 of John Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, what is MOST likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During phase 1 of John Bowlby's conceptualization...

Question 3

Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's model of attachment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following characterizes phase 1...

Question 4

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following is the time period for phase 3?

Accepted Answer

Phase 3 is the clear-cut attachment phase, which occurs from 7 to 24 months. During this phase, infants actively seek proximity and contact with their primary caregiver and become distressed when separated from them.

Question 5

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, what is the time period of phase 2?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, what...

Question 6

According to John Bowlby, at what age do infants/children begin to take into consideration the feelings of others before acting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to John Bowlby, at what age...

Question 7

Shoko responds positively to being picked up by others, and when put back down, freely moves away to play. She would most likely be classified as _____.

Accepted Answer

Shoko's response to being picked up and put back down shows that she trusts the person and feels secure in their care. This is a hallmark of a child who is securely attached.

Question 8

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to:

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation involves a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with both the mother and a stranger. This allows researchers to observe the infant's reactions and behavior in different situations, such as when the mother leaves and returns, and when the stranger attempts to interact with the infant. This can provide insight into the infant's attachment style and relationship with his/her mother. The other choices are not part of the Strange Situation protocol.

Question 9

According to Erikson, _____ are keys to establishing a basic trust in infants.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, during the first stage of psychosocial development (trust vs. mistrust), infants develop a sense of basic trust if their needs for physical comfort and sensitive care are consistently met. Therefore, choice A is the best answer as physical comfort and sensitive care are essential to developing a basic trust in infants. Choices B, C, and D all include physical comfort and/or feeding, but do not include the crucial aspect of sensitive care.

Question 10

According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object:

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that infants become attached to the person or object that provides oral satisfaction, typically the mother, as she is usually the source of nourishment.

Question 11

What is the significant finding of Harlow's experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers?

Accepted Answer

Harlow's experiments showed that monkeys preferred to spend time with a surrogate mother made of soft cloth even if it did not provide food, rather than a wire mother that provided milk. This indicates that contact comfort, or the feeling of being touched and held, is the crucial element in the attachment process, rather than just feeding.

Question 12

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n)_____ model of attachment.

Accepted Answer

John Bowlby proposed that infants develop an internal working model of attachment, which refers to a mental representation of the self, others, and relationships. This model influences how individuals perceive and react to attachment-related situations throughout their lives.

Question 13

In the Strange Situation, Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs. However, he is happy upon reunion, and then, continues to explore once the caregiver has returned. He would be classified as _____.

Accepted Answer

Quentin displays the behaviors of a securely attached child. He is mildly upset when his caregiver leaves, but is happy and shows a healthy level of interaction and exploration upon reunion. This indicates that he has a secure attachment to his caregiver, feeling comforted by their presence but confident enough to explore on his own once they return.

Question 14

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, how long does phase 1 last?

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, phase 1, known as the "pre-attachment" phase, lasts from birth to 2 months. During this phase, infants direct their social behavior indiscriminately towards all adults. They do not have a specific attachment figure and do not display separation distress when separated from one caregiver specifically.

Question 15

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house. He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which phase is Anthony currently in?

Accepted Answer

Anthony's behavior of following his mother around and lifting his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up indicates that he is in Phase 3, the clear-cut attachment phase, according to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment. This phase typically occurs between 6 months and 2 years of age and is characterized by the child actively seeking proximity and contact with their primary caregiver.

Question 16

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver; he explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it. He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room. He would be classified as _____.

Accepted Answer

The behavior of using the caregiver as a secure base to explore the room is a hallmark of secure attachment. Children who are securely attached feel confident that their caregiver will be available and responsive when needed, allowing them to explore their environment with a sense of safety and security. In contrast, insecurely attached children may be overly clingy and anxious (insecure resistant) or avoidant of the caregiver (insecure avoidant) when exploring a new environment. Insecure disorganized attachment is characterized by disoriented and contradictory behavior toward the caregiver.

Question 17

According to John Bowlby, an infant's internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and:

Accepted Answer

Bowlby believed that the infant's internal working model includes a mental representation of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as deserving of nurturant care, which supports the development of a secure attachment style. Choice A is incorrect because Bowlby did not view the self as independent in the internal working model. Choice C is incorrect because Bowlby did not view the self as needing constant attention but rather as deserving of nurturant care. Choice D is incorrect because Bowlby did not view the self as helpless in the internal working model of attachment.

Question 18

Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances. She would most likely be classified as _____.

Accepted Answer

Mariposa's behavior indicates that she feels comfortable exploring her environment but also checks in with her mother for security, indicating a secure attachment style.

Question 19

In which of the following phases of Bowlby's model of attachment does attachment become focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver?

Accepted Answer

Phase 2, also known as the "attachment in the making" phase, is characterized by the infant developing a preference for the primary caregiver and beginning to show signs of attachment. However, attachment is not yet fully formed and the infant may still experience distress when separated from the caregiver. It is in Phase 3, also known as the "clear-cut attachment" phase, that attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver. The infant shows clear signs of distress when separated from this caregiver and seeks proximity and comfort from them.

Question 20

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following occurs during phase 3?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which...

Quiz 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy