Question 1

Those older adults who reported higher levels of positive emotion and retained their positivity were those

Accepted Answer

The article states that older adults who reported higher levels of positive emotion and retained their positivity were extroverts. No information is provided to support any of the other choices.

Question 2

When 80-year-old Monty is asked about his life,he states that he knows he has lived life as well as he could and that he loves his deceased parents despite all their faults.According to Erikson,Monty seems to have the virtue of

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, the virtue of wisdom is associated with the final stage, "Ego Integrity vs. Despair," which occurs in late adulthood. Monty's reflection on his life and acceptance of his parents' faults suggests he has achieved wisdom.

Question 3

David has had trouble getting into his apartment building because the steps are too steep.He makes several complaints to the owner of the building until finally the owner installs a ramp,making entry easier.Which style of coping did David employ?

Accepted Answer

David's actions in making complaints to the owner to install a ramp demonstrate problem-focused coping, as he took action to directly address the problem of the steep steps. Congruence coping involves aligning one's thoughts and feelings with their actions, emotion-focused coping involves addressing the emotional distress caused by the problem, and palliative coping involves seeking emotional relief without addressing the problem itself. However, none of these styles of coping are demonstrated by David in this scenario.

Question 4

June is 75 years old and is examining her life in order to accept her approaching death.She is at which of Erikson's stages?

Accepted Answer

June's reflection on her life in order to accept her approaching death suggests that she is at Erikson's stage of ego integrity versus despair, which typically occurs in late adulthood. In this stage, individuals review their lives and come to either a sense of satisfaction and acceptance (ego integrity) or feelings of regret and despair (despair).

Question 5

Older adults who are overanxious and restless and who seem to complain and have negative affect are likely to have

Accepted Answer

The description of older adults who are overanxious, restless, and have negative affect is consistent with symptoms of neuroticism, a personality trait characterized by excessive worry, fear, and emotional instability. It is important to note that these symptoms can also be present in individuals with anxiety disorders or depression, and a thorough evaluation is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. Dementia is likely to cause changes in behavior and mood, but it is not the most likely explanation for the symptoms described in this scenario.

Question 6

A longitudinal study of older adults demonstrated that negative emotions such as boredom,loneliness,and unhappiness

Accepted Answer

The study demonstrated that negative emotions such as boredom, loneliness, and unhappiness decreased after age 60 in older adults.

Question 7

Janie is 30,has a neurotic personality,and routinely expresses negative emotions.Research would predict that by age 50,Janie will

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that personality traits, including neuroticism, tend to remain stable throughout adulthood. Additionally, individuals who score high on neuroticism tend to experience more stress and negative affect, which can lead to negative health outcomes over time. Therefore, it is likely that Janie will become even more neurotic and negative by age 50.

Question 8

Edgar is set in his ways,and refuses to adapt his lifestyle to incorporate the new technology that his children and grandchildren have embraced.Which of the following is TRUE regarding Edgar's personality?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that older adults can be quite adaptable and flexible. Edgar's resistance to new technology is not representative of the majority of older adults, who often show a willingness to engage with new experiences and technologies, albeit they may require more time to adapt.

Question 9

According to Erikson's theory,

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, people who successfully resolve the final crisis of integrity versus despair in late adulthood can overcome or transcend feelings of despair and achieve a sense of wisdom and acceptance of their life. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect as although people who resolve the final crisis may not experience despair, it is not a guarantee. Option C is incorrect as despair is not necessarily a sign of mental illness, but rather a natural part of the development process. Option D is also incorrect as experiencing despair does not necessarily lead to a loss of ego strength.

Question 10

The ability to adapt thinking and behavior to reduce or relieve stress that arises from harmful,threatening,and challenging conditions is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Coping refers to the ability to manage stress and adapt to difficult situations. This can involve using a variety of strategies such as seeking support from others, changing one's perspective, or engaging in relaxation techniques. Wisdom, integrity, and generativity are related to other aspects of personality and development.

Question 11

Who was quoted as saying that age and growth are "a contradiction in terms"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who was quoted as saying that age...

Question 12

In the Vaillant Study,an important factor in predicting the best psychosocial adjustment in old age included all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

According to the Vaillant Study, the factors that predicted the best psychosocial adjustment in old age were altruism, humor, and sublimation. Denial was not included as a predictor.

Question 13

Sophia has an occasional drink with her coworkers,but for the most part leads a healthy lifestyle.She is not considered a risk taker,and usually approaches new situations with some caution.Sophia would be described as

Accepted Answer

Sophia's description matches the traits associated with conscientiousness, which include being responsible, cautious, and leading a healthy lifestyle. The fact that she approaches new situations with some caution also aligns with this trait.

Question 14

Although there is a common belief that older adults tend to be depressed,research suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that, overall, as individuals age they become more content and satisfied with life. While some older adults may experience depression due to illness or retirement, this is not true for the majority of older adults. Additionally, depression is not solely experienced by older women but can affect men and women equally.

Question 15

The virtue gained during Erikson's final stage is

Accepted Answer

The final stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is called "ego integrity versus despair", which occurs during late adulthood. The virtue gained during this stage is wisdom, as individuals reflect on their past experiences and accomplishments, and come to accept and find meaning in their life as a whole.

Question 16

The process of adapting to harmful,threatening,or challenging conditions is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The process of adapting to harmful, threatening, or challenging conditions is known as coping. Coping may involve different strategies such as problem-solving, seeking social support, or emotional regulation to adjust to challenging situations. Disengagement refers to the withdrawal from social activities or relationships. Decentering is the process of stepping outside oneself and taking a broader perspective. Elaboration refers to a memory technique that involves adding additional information to aid memory retention.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the stability of personality in old age is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals from more recent cohorts show more flexibility and openness to new experiences in old age than people from previous generations. This may be due to changes in social norms and cultural attitudes towards aging. Personality traits other than depression also show some stability in old age, but there is evidence that people can change and develop throughout their entire lifespan.

Question 18

According to Erikson,persons in late adulthood are in the crisis of

Accepted Answer

Erikson's eighth and final stage of psychosocial development is ego integrity versus despair, which occurs during late adulthood. In this stage, individuals reflect on their lives and evaluate whether their accomplishments and experiences have given them a sense of contentment and fulfillment, or if they feel a sense of regret and despair. This stage is characterized by a need for resolution and acceptance of one's life, as well as a sense of generativity and concern for future generations. Therefore, the best choice is A) ego integrity versus despair.

Question 19

According to Erikson,wisdom includes acceptance of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson, wisdom involves acceptance of imperfections in oneself and one's parents, as well as acceptance of death as a natural part of life. However, wisdom does not involve dependency on one's children, as this can indicate a failure to achieve autonomy and independence.

Question 20

While looking back on his life,Trent acknowledged that he had made some mistakes,but for the most part was satisfied with what he had accomplished.Erikson would say that Trent has attained

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that individuals progress through a series of stages throughout their lives, each with its own unique challenges and opportunities. The stage of integrity versus despair occurs in late adulthood and involves reflecting on one's life and coming to terms with both the accomplishments and failures. Trent's acknowledgment of his mistakes while also expressing satisfaction with his accomplishments suggests that he has attained a sense of acceptance and wisdom, which is characteristic of the integrity stage.

Quiz 18: Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood