Question 1

According to the stages of change model,when conscious attention is no longer required to maintain the new,healthy behaviors and such behaviors simply are part of the individual's lifestyle,_____ has been achieved.This occurs during the _____ stage of change.

Accepted Answer

The term for when new healthy behaviors become a part of an individual's lifestyle is maintenance, which occurs during the stage of change after determination/action (where willpower is required). Option A is therefore incorrect. Option C refers to a stage before the determination/action stage, and option D refers to a personality trait or characteristic rather than a stage of change. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 2

Maria,Nicole,Abby,and Jessica are adolescents currently enrolled in an obesity treatment program.According to self-determination theory,which teen will be most likely to achieve her weight loss goals?

Accepted Answer

According to self-determination theory, individuals who are intrinsically motivated and engage in behaviors due to personal commitment are more likely to maintain long-term behavior changes. Abby, who voluntarily enrolled because she made a personal commitment to herself, is therefore more likely to achieve her weight loss goals compared to Maria, who was forced by her parents to come to the program, Nicole, who was forced by her doctor to come to the program, or Jessica, who wants to lose weight for external validation from her ex-boyfriend.

Question 3

Your co-worker Christina was just laid off.You immediately inform her about a relevant job opening that you recently heard about.You have tried to help Christina by offering _____.

Accepted Answer

By informing Christina about a relevant job opening, the person is providing her with an important source of information that could potentially help her find a new job.

Question 4

Which of the following statements would be most typical of someone in the preparation/determination stage of change?

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the intention to take action, which is typical of someone in the preparation/determination stage of change. They have recognized that there is a problem and are making plans to address it. Option A reflects denial or precontemplation stage, Option B reflects the action stage, and Option C reflects the contemplation stage.

Question 5

Andrea was just fired from a job she really loved.You are her best friend so you try to offer her all the support that she needs.Giving Andrea a hug when she is down and telling her that you will "be there for her" is an example of _____ support,whereas loaning her money and telling her that she can stay with you until she finds another job is an example of _____ support.

Accepted Answer

Giving a hug and offering emotional reassurance is emotional support, while providing financial help and accommodation is tangible support.

Question 6

You are trying to change your exercise routine in order to have a healthier lifestyle.You develop a new exercise schedule and plan to implement it starting next month.You are in the _____ stage of the stages of change model.

Accepted Answer

The stages of change model consists of five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action/willpower, and maintenance. In this scenario, the individual has already made the decision to change their exercise routine and has developed a plan to implement it starting next month. Therefore, they are in the preparation/determination stage.

Question 7

When Wendy first started trying to eat healthier it felt like she was a "dieter." She was constantly thinking about how to eat healthy.After several months of successfully opting to eat nutritious food as opposed to her old fast food favorites,Wendy does not feel like a dieter anymore.She no longer has to consciously think about trying to eat healthy foods; rather,her new lifestyle has become a part of who she is.Wendy is in which of the following stages of change?

Accepted Answer

Wendy has reached the maintenance stage of change, where her new healthy habits have become a part of her daily routine and she no longer has to consciously think about them.

Question 8

A number of studies have linked religious participation to _____.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have found that individuals who participate in religious activities tend to live longer and have better physical and mental health outcomes. Religious participation has been linked to lower rates of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, as well as greater social support and a sense of purpose in life.

Question 9

Which of the following is the last stage in the stages of change model?

Accepted Answer

The last stage in the stages of change model is maintenance, where the individual has successfully made the behavioral changes and is working to sustain them over time.

Question 10

Which of the following is the strongest predictor of mortality rates?

Accepted Answer

Social isolation has been identified as a strong predictor of mortality rates, as it can lead to various health issues and increased risk of death.

Question 11

_____ refer(s)to specific strategies for dealing with the challenges of making a life change.

Accepted Answer

Implementation intentions refer to specific plans or strategies for how to achieve a particular goal or make a life change. They involve identifying barriers or obstacles to success and planning specific actions to overcome them. Intrinsic motivation refers to the drive to pursue a goal for personal satisfaction or fulfillment, while attribution strategies refer to how individuals perceive the causes of their success or failure. Extraversion refers to a personality trait characterized by outgoingness and social engagement.

Question 12

Your textbook describes a study that investigated the effects of diverse social ties on the susceptibility to getting a common cold.Results of this study showed that those with diverse social networks were _____ than their counterparts with less diverse social networks.

Accepted Answer

Results of the study showed that those with more diverse social networks were less likely to get a cold compared to their counterparts with less diverse social networks.

Question 13

One challenge during the maintenance stage is to avoid _____.

Accepted Answer

During the maintenance stage, individuals have already made progress in their behavior change and have established new habits. However, the risk of relapse is still present. It is important to actively work towards preventing relapse and continuing to make progress towards long-term behavior change. While boredom, stagnancy, and denial can be challenges during behavior change, they are not specific to the maintenance stage.

Question 14

Uncle Leo quit smoking two months ago.He is hoping that he can continue to stay tobacco-free so he has been trying to find ways to support his new,healthy behavior pattern.He eats mint whenever he gets a craving to smoke.Uncle Leo seems to be in the _____ stage of the stages of change model.

Accepted Answer

Uncle Leo is actively working to change his behavior by using mints to manage cravings, indicating he is in the action/willpower stage, where individuals actively modify their behavior.

Question 15

In the long run,writing about traumatic life events _____.

Accepted Answer

Writing about traumatic life events has been found to be associated with physical and psychological health benefits in the long run. It can help reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and even boost the immune system.

Question 16

Bob decided that he was a bit overweight and in order to do something about it,he created a new exercise program,something he'd never tried before.Though he initially had some difficulty setting it up and sticking with it,he has consistently done his exercise workout for the last eight months.Though it is becoming more habitual,the program is still not yet automatic for him and he reinforces himself with new CDs each month if he has successfully completed his workouts.According to the stages of change model,Bob would most likely be in the _____.

Accepted Answer

Bob has been consistently doing his exercise program for the last eight months, which indicates that he has moved past the preparation/determination stage and into the maintenance stage. Additionally, he reinforces himself with new CDs each month as a way to continue his progress, which is also a behavior associated with the maintenance stage.

Question 17

_____ our accomplishments can motivate consistent behavior.

Accepted Answer

Acknowledging, enjoying, and celebrating our accomplishments can provide a positive reinforcement and help us to maintain consistent behavior towards achieving our goals. Bragging about our accomplishments can come across as arrogant and may not be well-received by others. Forgetting or downplaying our accomplishments may lead to a lack of motivation and a sense of discouragement.

Question 18

Belief in one's ability to successfully change and "see it through" is characteristic of which of the following stages of change?

Accepted Answer

Belief in one's ability to successfully change and "see it through" is characteristic of the Preparation/determination stage of change. This stage is characterized by a commitment to change and a belief that one can be successful.

Question 19

According to the stages of change model,during the _____ stage,individuals commit to making a real behavioral change and enact a plan for effective change.

Accepted Answer

The action/willpower stage is when individuals commit to making a real behavioral change and enact a plan for effective change. The contemplation stage is when individuals are considering making a change but have not yet committed to it. The maintenance stage is when individuals have successfully made the change and are working to sustain it over time. The preparation/determination stage is when individuals are getting ready to make a change but have not yet committed to a specific plan of action.

Question 20

When Samantha's father passed away,Ronnie got food for Samantha's family.The giving of food after the death of a loved one is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Tangible assistance involves providing physical or material support to someone in need. In this case, Ronnie provided food to Samantha's family after her father passed away, which is an example of tangible assistance.

Quiz 14: Health Psychology

According to the stages of change model,when conscious attention is no longer required to maintain the new,healthy behaviors and such behaviors simply are part of the individual's lifestyle,_ has been achieved.This occurs during the _ stage of change.