Question 1

Daniel is learning how to read and guesses that the word pizza is written on the pizza box that was just delivered to his front door.Daniel is using

Accepted Answer

Daniel is using top-down processing, which involves using prior knowledge and context to make predictions and understand information. In this case, he likely recognized the shape of a pizza box and associated it with the word "pizza" based on his previous experiences and knowledge about pizza.

Question 2

If you close one eye,you will still be able to use __________ as a depth cue,but you will not be able to use __________ as a depth cue.

Accepted Answer

Closing one eye eliminates the binocular disparity cue as it requires input from both eyes to perceive depth. However, texture gradients, which refer to the perception of depth based on the change in texture density or pattern along a surface, can still be used even with one eye.

Question 3

When an artist creates the illusion of depth in a painting,she does so by using

Accepted Answer

Monocular depth cues refer to cues that can be perceived with only one eye, such as relative size, linear perspective, texture gradient, and occlusion. These cues are commonly used by artists to create the illusion of depth in paintings. Binocular depth cues, on the other hand, require the use of both eyes and include convergence and binocular disparity.

Question 4

Which of the following phrases would be a good description of bottom-up processing?

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing is a basic type of processing in which our sensory receptors receive information from the environment and send it to the brain for processing. It is not dependent on past experiences or human judgment.

Question 5

Ayelet is trying to draw a picture of two people on opposite sides of a river.No matter how carefully she tries to draw them both the same size,the person who is supposed to be on the distant side appears much taller than the person on the closer side.You could explain that the depth cue of __________ size means that she will need to draw a __________ image of the person who is to be seen as farther away.

Accepted Answer

The depth cue of relative size means that objects that are farther away appear smaller than objects that are closer. Therefore, in order for the person on the distant side of the river to appear the same size as the person on the closer side, Ayelet will need to draw a smaller image of the person who is to be seen as farther away.

Question 6

When you are on a cliff far from the beach,the sand looks smooth and uniform.When you sit on the beach and look closely at the sand,you can see all the bumps and colors.This difference is an example of which depth cue?

Accepted Answer

The difference in the appearance of the sand when viewed from far away versus up close is an example of texture gradient, which is a depth cue that refers to the gradual change in the size and spacing of texture elements (in this case, grains of sand) as they recede into the distance.

Question 7

Li-Ting is painting a picture.She paints a vase of flowers and then,right next to it,half of a book.When Bijal looks at the painting,she sees the book as being __________ the vase because of __________.

Accepted Answer

Occlusion is a visual cue that occurs when one object partially covers another, indicating that the covering object is closer to the viewer. In this scenario, Bijal perceives the book as being the vase because it is partially obscured or behind something in the painting, which is described by the term "occlusion."

Question 8

Binocular disparity is about

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity refers to the difference in the views seen by each eye, which allows for depth perception and the ability to perceive the distance of objects in three-dimensional space.

Question 9

Regarding visual illusions,which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Illusions often involve the distortion or misinterpretation of visual stimuli, which can help psychologists understand how the brain processes visual information under normal conditions. Therefore, illusions can reveal normal perceptual processes rather than being largely irrelevant to them. However, illusions do not suggest that most visual perception is illusory, nor do they necessarily support the idea that perception is strictly a bottom-up process.

Question 10

The first psychologists to emphasize the organizing processes underlying perception were the

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt psychologists were the first to emphasize the organizing processes underlying perception. They believed that people naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and wholes, rather than just a collection of individual parts.

Question 11

Sound waves cause the __________ to vibrate.

Accepted Answer

Sound waves travel through the ear canal and eventually hit the eardrum, causing it to vibrate. This vibration then travels through the ossicles (tiny bones) in the middle ear and eventually reaches the cochlea in the inner ear, where it is converted into neural signals that can be interpreted by the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is B) eardrum.

Question 12

The major problem to be explained by depth perception is that

Accepted Answer

The major problem to be explained by depth perception is that the retina input is two-dimensional. Depth cues must be extracted from this two-dimensional input in order to perceive the three-dimensional world accurately.

Question 13

Leonardo da Vinci identified many monocular depth cues,including __________,in which a near object blocks an object that is farther away.

Accepted Answer

Occlusion, also known as interposition, is a monocular depth cue in which a nearer object is seen as blocking or obscuring a farther object. Leonardo da Vinci identified this cue among others in his studies of perspective and visual perception.

Question 14

Hearing is also called

Accepted Answer

Hearing is commonly referred to as audition, while olfaction is related to smell, gustation to taste, and occipital to vision.

Question 15

If the muscles of one of your eyes becomes paralyzed,making it impossible to change the point of focus of that eye,which kind of depth cue will become unavailable to you?

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity requires both eyes to have depth perception, as it relies on the slightly different perspectives each eye provides. If one eye is paralyzed and unable to change its point of focus, binocular disparity will be unavailable. Linear perspective, occlusion, and texture gradients do not necessarily require both eyes to provide depth perception.

Question 16

Scotty makes dinner by looking at his ingredients and then combining them into a meal.Scotty is cooking in a __________ manner.

Accepted Answer

Scotty's method of looking at available ingredients and then deciding what meal to make is a bottom-up approach. This process starts with specific details (ingredients) and builds up to a final product (meal), which is characteristic of bottom-up processing.

Question 17

Prolonged exposure to movement in one direction __________ the motion detectors responsive to that direction.When the movement stops,the baseline firing rate of detectors for the opposite direction of motion will be __________ than the firing rate for the detectors that responded to the prolonged movement,leading to motion aftereffects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prolonged exposure to movement in one direction...

Question 18

Daniel is standing on the outside platform of the train station.He looks down the tracks,hoping to see his train.As the tracks get farther from him the two sides of the tracks will appear to __________,providing the depth cue of __________.

Accepted Answer

As the tracks get farther from Daniel, they will appear to converge, providing the depth cue of linear perspective. Choice A and C are incorrect as they both suggest that the tracks will remain parallel, which is not true when looking down train tracks. Choice D is incorrect as texture gradient refers to the gradual change of texture or detail as objects recede into the distance, rather than convergence of parallel lines.

Question 19

Each eye sees more of the world on its own side of the visual field.A combination of the views from the two eyes provides humans with an adaptive advantage by creating a broader panorama of the scene.It also creates the depth cue of

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity refers to the slight difference between the images viewed by each eye, which allows the brain to perceive depth and three-dimensional space. This depth cue is a result of the combination of the views from the two eyes and is the most appropriate choice among the options provided. Linear perspective, texture gradients, and occlusion are all monocular depth cues that rely on a single eye's view of the scene.

Question 20

Gervase is staring at the blades of his ceiling fan.When he turns off the fan,he is surprised that the blades appear to be rotating in the opposite direction.To reassure Gervase that he is not hallucinating,you could tell him about

Accepted Answer

Motion aftereffects occur when viewing a moving object for a period of time and then looking at a stationary scene, causing the stationary scene to appear to move in the opposite direction. This explains why the fan blades seem to rotate in the opposite direction after being turned off.

Quiz 5: Sensation and Perception