Question 1

Females are often thought to outshine males on verbal tasks.What does contemporary empirical evidence have to say about this notion?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Research suggests that levels of the female hormone,estrogen,are _____ correlated with performance on verbal tasks and _____ correlated with performance on spatial tasks.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that higher levels of estrogen are associated with better performance on verbal tasks (positive correlation) and worse performance on spatial tasks (negative correlation).

Question 3

The _____ is the term for unstated,but real,barriers within an organization that prevent women from being promoted beyond a certain level because of gender discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The term "glass ceiling" refers to the invisible but tangible barriers that prevent women from rising to top-level positions in an organization. These barriers are often created by gender discrimination, lack of opportunities for advancement, and unequal pay structures, among other factors. The concept of the glass ceiling was first coined in the 1980s and has been extensively studied and documented in the decades since. While progress has been made in breaking through the glass ceiling, many women still face significant obstacles in their careers due to discrimination and bias.

Question 4

When does the male-female difference in the level of aggression become apparent?

Accepted Answer

By age two, observable differences in aggression levels between males and females become apparent. This is when children start to exhibit more complex social behaviors, and gender differences in aggression can start to be observed.

Question 5

Barry,the head of a finance organization,employed Abby based on her physical appearance and made sure she was assigned only simple tasks.However,this weakened Abby's real ability to perform at work.This exemplifies _____ sexism.

Accepted Answer

This scenario exemplifies benevolent sexism, which refers to situations where men hold positively biased attitudes towards women but still maintain gender-based stereotypes. In this case, Barry is being patronizing towards Abby by basing her employment on her physical appearance and assigning her simple tasks, which weakens her actual ability to perform at work. This type of sexism may seem well-intentioned, but it serves to reinforce gender inequality by limiting opportunities for women.

Question 6

Maggie is nervous as she begins her calculus final.She is not quite sure she can compete with the male students in her class.Maggie's performance on the calculus test may be impaired by:

Accepted Answer

Maggie's nervousness and uncertainty about her ability to compete with male students suggest that she may be influenced by gender stereotypes that suggest men are inherently better at math and science than women. This gender stereotype could impair her performance on the calculus test, as she may experience self-doubt and anxiety due to these beliefs.

Question 7

Identify the accurate statement regarding verbal and nonverbal behavior of men.

Accepted Answer

Men tend to maintain similar eye contact durations while listening and speaking in conversations with the opposite sex.

Question 8

Why might speech of women seem more tentative than that of men?

Accepted Answer

Women often add question-like tags at the end of their statements, such as "right?" or "don't you think?" This can make their speech seem more tentative as it suggests that they are seeking confirmation or validation from their conversational partner. Men are less likely to use these tags and may make more assertive statements, which can make their speech appear more confident.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE of potential gender differences in self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that, on average, men tend to report higher self-esteem than women. This difference is thought to be influenced by societal norms and expectations regarding gender roles and behaviors.

Question 10

On an average,in the United States,a woman earns about _____ for every dollar that a man earns.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau in 2019, the average woman in the United States earns $0.82 for every dollar earned by a man. Option A ($0.50) is too low, Option B ($0.95) and Option C ($1.10) are too high. The closest option to the correct answer is Option D ($0.80).

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE of the verbal and nonverbal behavior of men and women?

Accepted Answer

Women's speech is often characterized by more precise language use, reflecting greater linguistic politeness and detail orientation compared to men.

Question 12

Hines,Fink,and Alexander studied a group of children whose mothers unknowingly took drugs containing androgen,a hormone,prior to their birth.They related this concentration of the hormone to the play preferences of the same children.Which of the following alternatives best expresses the results of the study?

Accepted Answer

Androgen exposure in utero is associated with the development of male-typical play preferences in both boys and girls, indicating that higher levels of androgen lead to an increased likelihood of male-typical play preferences regardless of the child's sex.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE of personality factors that affect gender differences?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women's self-esteem is influenced more by their perception of their sense of interdependence, or connectedness to others, whereas men's self-esteem is influenced more by their perception of their sense of independence, or autonomy. This is believed to be due in part to societal expectations and gender roles surrounding emotional expression and relationships. Choices A and D contain incorrect statements, and while men may have a slight advantage in decoding facial expressions, the difference is not significant enough to make choice B true.

Question 14

One in _____ women report sexual harassment in the workplace.

Accepted Answer

One in five women report experiencing sexual harassment in the workplace, indicating a significant issue with workplace culture and safety for women.

Question 15

_____ include the set of expectations regarding the appropriate behavior of men,on the one hand,and women,on the other.

Accepted Answer

Gender roles refer to the set of societal expectations and norms regarding the appropriate behavior, attitudes, and activities for men and women based on their perceived biological sex. Gender schemas refer to the cognitive structures that organize and guide individuals' processing of gender-relevant information. Gender stereotypes are general beliefs or assumptions about the characteristics, motives, and behaviors of men and women. Gender scripts are the culturally specific instructions for how to perform gender roles in particular social situations.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE about gender differences in romantic jealousy?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that men are more likely to experience jealousy in response to sexual infidelity, while women are more likely to experience jealousy in response to emotional infidelity or the development of a close, emotional connection with another partner. Therefore option A is correct. Option B is incorrect because men are more likely to become jealous of sexual infidelity. Option C is incorrect because women are more likely to experience jealousy in response to emotional infidelity. Option D is incorrect because men can be jealous of both sexual and emotional infidelity.

Question 17

Which of the following conclusions is probably most reasonable regarding gender differences in cognition?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that overall gender differences in cognition are minimal and typically only show up in a few specific tasks. While there may be some individual variation, it is not accurate or helpful to claim that gender differences in cognition are large or nonexistent. Additionally, it is important to acknowledge the reality of these differences without perpetuating harmful or inaccurate stereotypes.

Question 18

Often,we compliment a female professional's appearance; we rarely compliment a male professional's appearance.This exemplifies _____ sexism.

Accepted Answer

Benevolent sexism refers to the attitudes and behaviors that appear to be positive or favorable toward women but actually serve to belittle, objectify, or limit them. Complimenting a female professional's appearance implies that her looks are a valuable asset that enhances her competence or likeability, which is an example of benevolent sexism. On the other hand, not complimenting a male professional's appearance does not reflect any biased attitude or prejudice against men.

Question 19

In which part of the world is gender equality the highest?

Accepted Answer

Iceland has consistently been ranked as the country with the highest level of gender equality by various organizations such as the World Economic Forum and the United Nations Development Programme. Women in Iceland hold the highest percentage of parliamentary seats globally, and the gender pay gap is one of the smallest in the world.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE about differences between men and women?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men and women are generally more similar than dissimilar to one another in most psychological and cognitive traits. This finding challenges traditional gender stereotypes and suggests that gender differences are often overemphasized or exaggerated. While there are some differences between men and women, the size and importance of these differences are often smaller than what we might expect based on popular beliefs.

Quiz 11: Sexuality and Gender