Question 1

The "strange situation" experiment is associated with _____;it helps classify the attachment behavior of _____.

Accepted Answer

The "strange situation" experiment was developed by Mary Ainsworth and is used to classify the attachment behavior of toddlers. Therefore, option C is the correct choice.

Question 2

Which of the following figures best approximates the percentage of families in which it is the father who stays home to care for preschool children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following figures best approximates...

Question 3

In the context of the experiments conducted by Mary Ainsworth,the _____ attachment style describes an infant who is always mildly disturbed at his mother's departure in the strange situation,but who is easily soothed on her return.

Accepted Answer

The secure attachment style is characterized by mild disturbance when the caregiver leaves, but the infant is quickly comforted when the caregiver returns.

Question 4

According to Mary Ainsworth,when a child with avoidant attachment style is exposed to the strange situation experiment,he/she will:

Accepted Answer

A child with avoidant attachment style will show no concern when the mother leaves the room and may even ignore her upon her return. This is because the child has learned to suppress their need for proximity and comfort from the caregiver due to past experiences of rejection or neglect.

Question 5

The study of attachment style is associated with _____ and the study of parenting style is associated with _____.

Accepted Answer

The study of attachment style is associated with Ainsworth, and the study of parenting style is associated with Baumrind. Therefore, the correct choice is B, as it correctly identifies the respective researchers with their areas of study.

Question 6

Eliza takes her 1-year-old son,Danny,to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him.Danny eagerly explores the room as long as Eliza is present.When Eliza leaves the room to fill out some forms,Danny becomes somewhat upset.When she returns,though,he quickly calms down.In the context of the findings of Mary Ainsworth,which of the following terms best describes Danny's attachment style?

Accepted Answer

Danny's behavior suggests that he is securely attached to his mother. He explores the room happily as long as she is present, and he becomes upset only when she leaves. When she returns, he quickly calms down, indicating a sense of security and trust in their attachment relationship.

Question 7

A _____ reflex prompts babies to clear their throat.

Accepted Answer

The gag reflex is a protective reflex that prompts the baby to clear their throat and prevent choking or aspiration when something touches the back of their throat. The rooting reflex prompts the baby to turn their head towards the direction of a touch on their cheek, the startle reflex is an automatic response to a sudden loud noise or unexpected movement, and the Babinski reflex is a foot reflex where the big toe moves upwards when the sole of the foot is stroked.

Question 8

Rebecca takes her 1-year-old son,Adam,to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him.Adam appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore and play with the toys,even though Rebecca is close by.When Rebecca leaves the room to fill out some forms,Adam becomes extremely upset and remains inconsolable.When Rebecca returns,Adam stays close to her,holding onto her leg.However,Adam makes it very clear he does not want her to touch him or pick him up.In fact,he starts kicking and hitting her.In the context of the findings of Mary Ainsworth,which term best describes Adam's attachment style?

Accepted Answer

Adam's behavior suggests an ambivalent attachment style, characterized by anxiety and difficulty exploring independently, as well as resistance to comfort from the caregiver upon reunion. The other options are not applicable to Adam's behavior.

Question 9

Hailey's parents demand that she follow their instructions without asking any question.Isabella's parents are firm as well,but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior.In Baumrind's terms,Hailey's parents are _____;Isabella's are _____.

Accepted Answer

Hailey's parents demand blind obedience without giving any explanations or reasonings, which is a characteristic of authoritarian parenting. In contrast, Isabella's parents are more likely to explain the consequences of her behavior, which is a characteristic of authoritative parenting. Therefore, the best choice is A) authoritarian;authoritative. Choice B is incorrect because it reverses the parenting styles. Choice C is incorrect because permissive parents are indulgent and have few expectations for their children's behavior, which is not shown in Isabella's parents' behavior. Choice D is incorrect because permissive parents are lenient and do not set clear boundaries or expectations, which is not shown in Isabella's parents' behavior either.

Question 10

For children from poor,disadvantaged homes,high-quality out-of-home child care is associated with:

Accepted Answer

High-quality out-of-home child care is associated with long-term intellectual gains for children from poor, disadvantaged homes. This means that children who receive this type of care are more likely to experience cognitive development and perform better in school, leading to better opportunities for their future. The other answer choices, such as genetic diseases and mutations, and intellectual decline, are not supported by research on the benefits of high-quality child care.

Question 11

The animal ethologist _____ conducted classic studies of imprinting among goslings.

Accepted Answer

Konrad Lorenz conducted classic studies of imprinting among goslings.

Question 12

Maura and Trish are eighth graders who have been caught smoking.Maura's parents yell at her and refuse to let her explain things.They ground her for a month,and take away her television and Internet privileges for two months.Trish's parents talk to her about their disappointment and concern;additionally,they make her spend every afternoon for a week at the library,researching the dangers of smoking and discussing her findings with them each night at dinner.Most likely,Maura's parents are _____ and Trish's are _____.

Accepted Answer

Maura's parents are authoritarian, as they are punishing her without allowing her to explain herself. Trish's parents are also authoritarian, but they are taking a more constructive approach to discipline by educating her about the dangers of smoking, which falls under the authoritative parenting style. Therefore, the best answer is C.

Question 13

Which infant reflex is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

The Babinski reflex is correctly described as an infant's toes fan out when the edge of the sole of the foot is stroked. The other options do not match their correct descriptions.

Question 14

Joan's mom and dad believe that parents know best.They expect Joan to obey all parental rules without uttering a word,and they are quick to impose stern punishments if she does not comply.In Baumrind's terms,Joan's parents are:

Accepted Answer

Joan's parents are authoritarian because they have strict rules and punishments for noncompliance, and expect obedience without question.

Question 15

_____ is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.

Accepted Answer

Attachment is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual, often a caregiver such as a parent or grandparent. Habituation refers to a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus, polymorphism refers to variation in physical characteristics within a population, and maturation refers to the process of an organism reaching full physical and behavioral development.

Question 16

As psychologists use the term,habituation means:

Accepted Answer

Habituation refers to the decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus. This is a basic form of learning and adaptation that occurs in many different species, including humans. For example, if you hear a loud noise repeatedly, you may eventually stop reacting to it because your brain has habituated to the sound. Habituation is an important concept in many areas of psychology, including developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, and animal behavior.

Question 17

Compared to ambivalent or avoidant children,children who are securely attached during infancy:

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that children who are securely attached during infancy are less likely to have psychological problems later in life, have better social and emotional competence during childhood, and have more successful romantic relationships in adulthood. There is no evidence to suggest that they are more likely to suffer from mood disorders during adolescence.

Question 18

At twelve months of age,Jordan is classified as a securely attached child by his pediatrician on the basis of the criteria set by Mary Ainsworth.Which of the following behaviors in the strange situation would be most consistent with this classification?

Accepted Answer

A securely attached child shows moderate distress when their caregiver leaves and is easily soothed when the caregiver returns. The other options all show insecure attachment styles where the child either shows little or no distress when the caregiver leaves or displays negative reactions towards the caregiver upon reuniting.

Question 19

While investigating the influence of culture on children's play,it was observed that:

Accepted Answer

The observation states that Korean-American children engage in proportionately less "pretend" play than do Anglo-American children, indicating that culture does influence children's play. The other options are incorrect and unsupported by the given observation.

Question 20

Baby Lisa automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on the cheek.This is the _____ reflex.

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is a newborn's natural instinct to turn their head towards a touch on the cheek or mouth in search of food. The gag reflex is a protective reflex that prevents choking, the sucking reflex is a baby's ability to suck on objects in order to feed, and the Babinski reflex is the extension of the big toe and fanning out of the other toes in response to a stroke on the sole of the foot, which is typically present only until the age of two.

Quiz 9: Intelligence

The "strange situation" experiment is associated with _;it helps classify the attachment behavior of _.