Question 1

The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 is better known as the _____.

Accepted Answer

The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 is commonly referred to as the Taft-Hartley Act, named after its sponsors, Senator Robert Taft and Representative Fred Hartley. The act amended the National Labor Relations Act, which governs relations between unions and employers, to put certain limits on union activity and protect employers' rights.

Question 2

What was the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Clayton Act?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the Supreme Court's interpretation of...

Question 3

Which of the following is a provision under the Norris-La Guardia Act?

Accepted Answer

The Norris-La Guardia Act included provisions that declared yellow-dog contracts (which required employees to agree not to join a union as a condition of employment) unenforceable in federal courts. This was an important protection for workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively. The act also limited the ability of federal courts to issue injunctions against union activities, although it did not prohibit injunctions entirely. The act did not mandate that employers recognize unions or prevent federal employees from striking.

Question 4

In the Danbury Hatters case,the union was charged with conspiring to restrain trade in violation of the _____.

Accepted Answer

The Danbury Hatters case involved a violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act, as the union was accused of conspiring to restrain trade by boycotts and threats of violence against non-union hat manufacturers.

Question 5

The _____ in 1898 prohibited discrimination against railroad employees based on union membership.

Accepted Answer

The Erdman Act, passed in 1898, prohibited discrimination against railroad employees based on union membership and provided for voluntary arbitration of disputes. The Sherman Act of 1890 was aimed at preventing monopolies and promoting competition, the Wagner Act of 1935 protected workers' right to unionize and engage in collective bargaining, and the Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932 limited the power of federal courts to issue injunctions against union activities.

Question 6

As the NIRA safeguards for unions were lost,the _____ re-secured organizing rights and specified employer illegal activities.

Accepted Answer

The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, re-secured organizing rights for unions and specified activities that were illegal for employers, effectively replacing the protections that were lost with the invalidation of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA).

Question 7

Which of the following acts was ultimately ruled unconstitutional?

Accepted Answer

The National Industrial Recovery Act was ultimately ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1935 in the case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States. The Court found that the NIRA gave too much power to the executive branch and violated the Constitution's separation of powers.

Question 8

What did the Norris-La Guardia Act restrict?

Accepted Answer

The Norris-La Guardia Act restricted the power of federal courts to issue injunctions against union activities.

Question 9

The _____ removed unions from Sherman Act jurisdiction and limited the use of federal injunctions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ removed unions from Sherman Act...

Question 10

Which of the following is a provision of the War Labor Disputes Act?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a provision...

Question 11

Which of the following types of employees was covered by the Wagner Act?

Accepted Answer

The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, covered workers in the private sector, including those in manufacturing industries. Domestic workers, employees of the railways, and agricultural workers were initially excluded from the protections of the NLRA.

Question 12

Which act established the National Labor Relations Board?

Accepted Answer

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was established by the Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act, in 1935. This act gave employees the right to unionize and engage in collective bargaining, and the NLRB was created to enforce these rights and regulate labor-management relations.

Question 13

Which of the following acts authorized the seizure of plants involved in labor disputes and required the NLRB to monitor strike votes?

Accepted Answer

The War Labor Disputes Act, also known as the Smith-Connally Act, authorized the federal government to seize and operate plants involved in labor disputes and required the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to monitor strike votes.

Question 14

Which of the following is a feature of the AFL's structural design?

Accepted Answer

The AFL's structural design kept their locals subsidiary to them, meaning that the authority and power lay with the national union rather than the local unions.

Answer: C 
 The AFL's structural design obstructed the leaders' focus toward the job problems unique to the trade they represented because the national leadership was focused on organizing across multiple trades instead of specific trade issues.

Answer: A and D are incorrect 
 A is incorrect because the AFL did preserve autonomy of its national union members. D is incorrect because the AFL's structural design aimed to maintain discipline over the locals' activities.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of the American Federation of Labor?

Accepted Answer

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) advocated for collective bargaining to achieve their objectives and only turned to legislation as a last resort. They focused on improving working conditions and wages for skilled workers rather than advocating for a complete overhaul of the economic system. The AFL was made up of local craft unions, rather than national-level unions, and limited membership to skilled workers.

Question 16

In the 1870s,immigrant Irish miners in America formed a secret organization to terrorize mine owners who had unilaterally cut wages below an agreed minimum.The members of the secret organization were known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The Molly Maguires were a secret society of Irish immigrant coal miners who operated in the coal fields of Pennsylvania in the 1870s. They used violence and intimidation to protest against the unfair treatment of their fellow workers by mine owners. Their tactics included arson, assault, and murder. The name "Molly Maguires" was derived from a mythical Irish character who was said to seek revenge against wealthy landowners who oppressed the poor.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of the Wagner Act?

Accepted Answer

The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, did not apply to all employers and employees. It excluded agricultural and domestic workers, as well as employees of the federal government, state and local governments, and certain transportation industries already covered by the Railway Labor Act. The Wagner Act established collective bargaining rights for most private sector employees and prohibited unfair labor practices by employers that interfered with those rights. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Wagner Act in 1937.

Question 18

Which act,adopted in 1933,encouraged employers to band together to set prices and production quotas through industrial codes?

Accepted Answer

The National Industrial Recovery Act, adopted in 1933, aimed to stimulate economic recovery during the Great Depression. It encouraged employers to band together to set prices and production quotas through industrial codes. This act established the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to oversee the codes and ensure they were followed.

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature of the American Plan?

Accepted Answer

The American Plan advocated for the open shop policy, where employers aimed to keep their workplaces free from union control, allowing employees the choice to join a union or not. This was part of a broader strategy to undermine union influence and maintain employer dominance in labor relations.

Question 20

Which of the following was the primary goal of the IWW?

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) was to abolish the wage system and establish a society in which workers owned and operated the means of production. Other goals such as better wages and working conditions were means to achieve this ultimate goal.

Quiz 2: The Evolution of American Labor