Question 1

Until the Russo-Japanese War,ordinary Russians continued to believe that the tsar was their "Little Father" and would do what he could to aid them in their lives.This trust was shaken on January 22,1905,a date afterward referred to as:

Accepted Answer

January 22, 1905, is referred to as "Bloody Sunday" because a peaceful procession of workers and their families to the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg to present a petition to the tsar was met with violent repression from the authorities, resulting in numerous casualties. This event shattered the illusion of the tsar as a benevolent ruler and fueled discontent and unrest among the Russian population.

Question 2

The Kulturkampf of Otto von Bismarck was a campaign waged against:

Accepted Answer

The Kulturkampf was a campaign launched by Otto von Bismarck against the Catholic Church in Germany during the 1870s. The goal was to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church in Germany and bring it under state control. Bismarck saw the Catholic Church as a threat to the power of the state and wanted to limit its power and influence. As part of the campaign, Bismarck passed laws that restricted the activities of the Catholic Church, including the Jesuits, and gave the state control over Catholic education and appointments of clergy.

Question 3

Irish home rule was debated for many years in the British Parliament and had support from the Irish Parliamentary Party in the last decades of the nineteenth century,but by the end of the century,a more radical position calling for full independence was revived by the militant political organization called:

Accepted Answer

While the option for home rule had been debated and supported by the Irish Parliamentary Party, by the end of the century, a more radical movement emerged that called for full independence. This movement was primarily driven by the militant political organization known as the Irish Republican Brotherhood. The other options listed are either groups that opposed Irish home rule or are unrelated to the movement for Irish independence.

Question 4

The most transformative event in French history in the second part of the nineteenth century was:

Accepted Answer

The Franco-Prussian War was a significant event in French history during the second half of the nineteenth century, as it resulted in the loss of the French Empire and the establishment of the Third Republic. The war also led to the humiliation of France and the rise of anti-German sentiment, which would later contribute to the outbreak of World War I. The other options, while important, did not have the same level of impact and lasting consequences as the Franco-Prussian War.

Question 5

Many Christians were troubled by the implications of the writings of Charles Darwin because those writings:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many Christians were troubled by the implications...

Question 6

The revolution of 1905 in Russia was caused by:

Accepted Answer

The revolution of 1905 in Russia was caused by Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, which led to economic and political instability, social unrest, and strikes. The war exposed the inefficiencies of Russia's autocratic government and triggered protests and uprisings across the country. The revolution of 1905 ultimately forced Tsar Nicholas II to issue the October Manifesto, which granted civil liberties and a legislative assembly, the Duma, to the Russian people.

Question 7

The expression "survival of the fittest" was first used by:

Accepted Answer

Herbert Spencer, a philosopher and sociologist, coined the phrase "survival of the fittest" after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. While Darwin himself did not use the exact phrase, he did describe natural selection as individuals with the most advantageous traits being more likely to survive and pass on their traits to their offspring.

Question 8

Tsar Alexander II:

Accepted Answer

Tsar Alexander II did free the serfs, but he was assassinated despite this reform. He was not a repressive ruler who reversed his father's reforms, nor did he lead Russia to victory in the Crimean War or found the Bolshoi Ballet. While he did oversee some industrialization in Russia, this was not his most significant achievement.

Question 9

Marxism came to Russia in two forms: one based on industrial capitalism known as the Social Democratic Party and the other based on the populist appeal to the peasantry known as:

Accepted Answer

The populist appeal to the peasantry was embraced by the Social Revolutionary Party, making it the second form of Marxism in Russia alongside the Social Democratic Party which was based on industrial capitalism. The other options are incorrect: A) there was no known Orthodox Socialist Party in Russia, C) the Bolsheviks were a faction within the Social Democratic Party and not a separate form of Marxism, D) there was no known Marxist Socialist Union in Russia, and E) the Mensheviks were another faction within the Social Democratic Party.

Question 10

As a result of the 1905 revolution,Tsar Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto,which:

Accepted Answer

The October Manifesto promised individual liberties and a more liberal franchise for the election of a Duma, but Tsar Nicholas II later undermined these reforms.

Question 11

Bismarck enacted several measures concerning national health legislation because:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bismarck enacted several measures concerning national health...

Question 12

Charles Darwin completed the fieldwork that served as the basis for his theories during the time he spent as an unpaid naturalist on an around-the-world voyage aboard the ship:

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin completed his famous voyage aboard the H.M.S. Beagle from 1831 to 1836.

Question 13

David Lloyd George:

Accepted Answer

David Lloyd George proposed a controversial budget in 1909 that included a progressive income tax, which was opposed by the House of Lords and led to a constitutional crisis known as the "People's Budget" crisis. This event ultimately helped pave the way for the Parliament Act of 1911, which curtailed the power of the House of Lords in passing legislation.

Question 14

For the Russian Tsar Nicholas II,Russification:

Accepted Answer

Russification was a policy implemented by the Russian government to extend the language, culture, and traditions of Greater Russia over all non-Russian subjects. This policy aimed to create a unified, homogenous society in which all subjects of the Russian Empire shared common values and beliefs. The policy involved the suppression of local languages, customs, and traditions, and the promotion of Russian culture and values.

Question 15

Which pairing is correct?

Accepted Answer

Theodor Herzl is known as the father of modern political Zionism and wrote the influential book "The State of the Jews" in which he advocated for the creation of a Jewish state. The other options are incorrect pairings: A) Edouard Drumont was a French anti-Semitic writer and journalist, known for his book "La France juive" (Jewish France), not affiliated with Germinal; B) Georges Sorel was a French philosopher and social theorist, who wrote "Reflections on Violence" and was critical of Marxism, not associated with The Communist Manifesto; C) Sir James Frazer was a Scottish anthropologist and wrote "The Golden Bough", a study of myth and religion, not related to The Descent of Man, written by Charles Darwin; E) George Sand was a French novelist and wrote "Indiana" and "Consuelo", not the author of "What Is to Be Done?" which was written by Nikolai Chernyshevsky.

Question 16

Social scientists of the late nineteenth century often demonstrated through their experimentation the exact opposite of what they were attempting to prove: they would generally show that human beings were:

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that social scientists of the late nineteenth century often demonstrated through their experimentation the exact opposite of what they were attempting to prove. Therefore, if they were trying to prove that humans were rational or the product of heredity, for example, they would demonstrate the opposite of that. The sentence does not provide evidence to support the ideas that humans are the product of their environment or a blank slate at birth. However, it does suggest that social scientists were attempting to prove something about human nature through their experimentation.

Question 17

In the late nineteenth century,in the midst of the continued decline of the Ottoman empire,a nationalist movement emerged in Turkey under the guidance of a group calling themselves the "Young Turks," who successfully forced the sultan to establish a constitutional government in 1908.In the following year they deposed the sultan and placed him with his brother:

Accepted Answer

The correct name of the brother who replaced the deposed sultan in 1909 was Mohammed V. The other options (A, B, C, and E) are incorrect as they either do not exist or are from different time periods/countries.

Question 18

In his first publication,Charles Darwin dealt with the natural world and developed his theory of evolution by means of natural selection.That book is entitled:

Accepted Answer

The book in question is widely known as "The Origin of the Species" or "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection." This book, published in 1859, presented Darwin's theory of evolution, which he had been developing and refining for many years.

Question 19

Evolutionary theories had existed from the time of the ancient Greeks,but the first modern theory of evolution was developed by:

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin is widely considered the father of modern evolutionary theory. His seminal work, On the Origin of Species, presented the concept of natural selection as the mechanism driving evolution. Other names listed were important contributors to the development of evolutionary theory, but none are credited with creating the first modern theory in the way Darwin is.

Question 20

The nineteenth-century political theory of liberalism looked to _________ to confirm its tenets.

Accepted Answer

The nineteenth-century political theory of liberalism had a strong emphasis on reason and rationality, and it appealed to science to confirm its tenets. The idea was that politics and society could be analyzed scientifically, and that reason could be used to construct the best possible political system.

Quiz 23: Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914