Question 1

Situationism is defined as

Accepted Answer

Situationism in ethics emphasizes the importance of context and relationships in determining moral actions, rather than adhering to absolute rules.

Question 2

Plato believed that _____ led toward immortality and was therefore a good thing.

Accepted Answer

Plato believed in the existence of a soul that is separate from the body and is immortal. He believed that love led towards the contemplation of the Forms, which ultimately led to the knowledge of the eternal and immutable reality of the soul. Therefore, he saw love as a path to immortality and a good thing.

Question 3

According to ancient Greek culture,why do people fail to live morally?

Accepted Answer

Ancient Greek philosophy, particularly Socratic and Platonic thought, often emphasized ignorance as the root cause of moral failure. Socrates, for example, argued that people do wrong only when they do not know what is right; thus, knowledge is crucial for moral behavior. This perspective suggests that if individuals knew what was good, they would act accordingly, implying that moral failure stems from a lack of knowledge or ignorance.

Question 4

According to the Greek philosophers of the Golden Age,which of the following leads one to achieve wisdom and cultivate virtue?

Accepted Answer

According to the Greek philosophers of the Golden Age, avoiding all violent passions leads one to achieve wisdom and cultivate virtue. They believed that one must control and moderate their emotions in order to attain a state of tranquility and rationality.

Question 5

In our everyday lives,we distinguish between categories of right or wrong,good or bad,appropriate or inappropriate,and moral or immoral.Therefore,we are all _____.

Accepted Answer

The statement is referring to individuals who are able to make moral distinctions and decisions in their daily lives. "Practical ethicists" are individuals who apply ethical principles to practical situations and decision-making, which is consistent with the statement. "Sangrites" and "Sorosians" are not known categories of ethical thinking or decision-making. "Irrational ethicists" implies a lack of rationality in ethical decision-making, which is not consistent with the statement.

Question 6

In the field of ethical decision making,_____ deals in universal laws.

Accepted Answer

Legalism deals with universal laws in ethical decision making, while relativism and situationism take into account individual circumstances and perspectives. Hedonism, on the other hand, is a philosophical position that happiness and pleasure are the highest good.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about the meaning of the term "platonic love"?

Accepted Answer

Platonic love is defined as a non-sexual and non-romantic form of love or affection between individuals. It is named after the philosopher Plato who believed that such love was based on spiritual or intellectual connection rather than physical attraction. Therefore, option C is the best choice. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the meaning of platonic love.

Question 8

Which of the following is the central feature of situationism?

Accepted Answer

The central feature of situationism is that it focuses on the human experience, particularly in complex, unpredictable situations where there may not be clear and universal rules or principles to guide behavior. Situationists believe that a person's values and actions are heavily influenced by their context and environment, and that moral judgments should take this into account. They reject the idea of fixed moral rules that apply in all situations and instead emphasize the need for flexibility and adaptation in responding to unique moral challenges.

Question 9

In the practice of _____,the older man served as the younger one's teacher and model of courage and virtue.

Accepted Answer

Pederasty was a practice in ancient Greece where an older man would take a younger male as his lover, and also serve as his mentor and teacher in matters of culture, politics, and warfare. The older man was supposed to model courage and virtue for the younger man, who would in turn learn and emulate those qualities.

Question 10

Which of the following types of ethical decision making methods suggests that although there may be broad general guidelines for ethical behavior,each ethical decision should be made according to the individuals and situations involved?

Accepted Answer

Contextual ethics suggests that ethical decisions should be made based on the specific individuals and situations involved rather than relying on broad guidelines. This approach takes into account factors such as culture, personal values, and other contextual factors that may influence ethical decision making. In contrast, ethical absolutism suggests that there are universal ethical principles that apply in all situations, while legalistic ethics focuses on adherence to laws and regulations as the primary guide for ethical behavior. Perceptual ethics refers to the idea that our personal perceptions and biases can influence ethical decision making, but does not necessarily provide a framework for making ethical decisions.

Question 11

The practice of pederasty refers to a

Accepted Answer

The practice of pederasty refers to a sexual relationship between an older man and a younger man.

Question 12

In ethical decision making,_____ decides matters on a case-by-case basis,informed by certain guiding principles,such as love.

Accepted Answer

Situationism is the ethical approach that considers each situation and its context to make decisions. It may also use guiding principles, but it recognizes that not all situations can be solved with one absolute rule. Love can be one of the guiding principles used within situationism, where the decision maker considers what is the most loving thing to do in the specific situation. Legalism follows predetermined rules and disregards context, whereas hedonism focuses on seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. Absolutism follows a fixed moral standard and does not consider the nuances of individual situations.

Question 13

The great philosophers of ancient Greece believed that virtue resulted from _____.

Accepted Answer

The great philosophers of ancient Greece believed that virtue resulted from wisdom. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle all placed a strong emphasis on the importance of knowledge and reason in achieving moral excellence. They believed that by gaining wisdom and understanding, individuals could learn to act in accordance with virtue and live a good life.

Question 14

Ethical systems found in Orthodox Judaism,Roman Catholicism,and fundamentalist Protestantism can be described as _____ ethical systems.

Accepted Answer

Orthodox Judaism, Roman Catholicism, and fundamentalist Protestantism all have ethical systems that rely heavily on following established laws, rules and moral codes. These systems are often described as legalistic, as they focus on upholding certain standards of behavior and maintaining a sense of order within the community. This approach contrasts with relativist ethics, which emphasize individual interpretation and situational decision-making.

Question 15

"Contextual ethics" is another term for

Accepted Answer

Contextual ethics, also known as situation ethics, is a moral theory that considers ethics in the context of the situation at hand rather than relying on fixed moral rules or principles (legalism) or pursuing a specific goal, such as happiness or pleasure (hedonism). Contextual ethics focuses on making ethical decisions based on the unique circumstances of a given situation, rather than relying solely on predetermined rules or principles. Asceticism, on the other hand, is a philosophical or religious practice that emphasizes self-denial, while situationism considers ethical decisions based on the particular situation without any necessary self-denial practice.

Question 16

Ethics that are based on telling people to "do this" and to "don't do that" can be described as a(n)_____ system.

Accepted Answer

A legalistic system is based on rules and regulations that inform people what they must and must not do. This system is often used by institutions that have a specific set of rules, such as schools, workplaces, and governments. It is rigid and inflexible, and does not take into account individual differences or circumstances. It also does not consider the greater good, but instead focuses on adherence to the law.

Question 17

As an approach to ethics,_____ is concerned with following a moral law,or set of principles,which comes from a source outside the individual,such as religion.

Accepted Answer

Legalism is concerned with following a moral law or set of principles that comes from a source outside the individual, such as laws created by a government or legal system. It is not necessarily tied to religion, but rather any external source of moral principles. Contextual ethics, on the other hand, takes into account the specific context and circumstances of a situation in determining what is morally right or wrong. Hedonism is the belief that pleasure or happiness is the ultimate good, and situationism is the idea that moral decisions should be made based on the specific situation and its unique characteristics.

Question 18

_____ ethics are focused on the rightness or wrongness of specific acts and set forth a series of rules that persons are to follow.

Accepted Answer

Legalistic ethics are focused on specific rules and regulations that individuals are expected to follow, with a focus on the rightness or wrongness of individual acts. This approach is often associated with the legal system and compliance with laws and regulations. Contextual, situational, and hedonistic ethics place a greater emphasis on the specific circumstances and context in which actions take place.

Question 19

Harold is a conservative Christian who believes that what is right and wrong has been determined by God in the Bible,and that all should follow these divine laws.Harold's ethical principles can be described as _____.

Accepted Answer

Legalism is the ethical principle that is based on following laws or rules. Harold's belief that God's laws written in the Bible should be followed by all aligns with this principle. Hedonism focuses on pleasure as the ultimate good, subjectivism states that moral truths are subjective based on personal beliefs or cultural norms, and situationism states that ethical decisions should be made based on the specific situation at hand rather than following a set of rules or principles.

Question 20

Greek philosophy after the Golden Age taught that

Accepted Answer

Greek philosophy after the Golden Age, particularly in the Hellenistic period, emphasized the idea of transcending earthly pleasures, including sex, to achieve a higher understanding and appreciation of beauty and goodness. Therefore, option D is the most accurate choice. Option A is incorrect because sexual union was not considered the goal of life in Greek philosophy. Option B is also incorrect because sex was not perceived as the highest form of evil. Option C is partly true, as pleasure was indeed valued, but it is not as encompassing or equivalent to wisdom and virtue.

Quiz 19: Ethics, Religion, and Sexuality