Question 1

Managers who conduct performance appraisals need to
A)accurately identify the behaviour and results indicative of good performance
B)be subjective
C)rely on their memory to recall employee behaviour
D)use quantitative measures only
E)provide feedback to the employee on a yearly basis

Accepted Answer

Managers should accurately identify the behaviour and results indicative of good performance in order to provide fair and objective evaluations of their employees. Using subjective measures or relying solely on memory can lead to biased evaluations that could negatively impact an employee's morale and career growth. Additionally, providing frequent feedback (not just yearly) is recommended for effective performance management.

Question 2

What is fundamental attribution bias?
A)The tendency to emphasize personal characteristics
B)The tendency to emphasize situational characteristics
C)The tendency to ignore failures
D)The tendency to take personal responsibility for successes
E)The tendency to consider events immediately before any observed behaviours

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution bias refers to the tendency to emphasize personal characteristics or traits while explaining someone else's behavior rather than considering situational factors.

Question 3

According to experts, implicit cognition can be reduced by:
A)training managers on interview techniques
B)using structured as opposed to unstructured interviews
C)training managers on interview techniques and using a structured interview process
D)allowing managers to use unstructured interviews
E)considering first impressions of the applicant

Accepted Answer

Experts suggest that implicit cognition can be reduced by a combination of training managers on interview techniques and using structured interviews. By training managers on interview techniques, they become more aware of their potential biases and how to avoid them. Structured interviews, which use a set list of questions and predetermined scoring criteria, can also help reduce implicit biases as all applicants are asked the same questions and assessed by the same criteria. Considering first impressions of the applicant can actually contribute to implicit bias, so it is not a recommended way to reduce it. Allowing managers to use unstructured interviews would not reduce implicit biases.

Question 4

Individuals interpret events differently.The reasons for the different interpretations may be due to
A)people possess different information
B)our moods and emotions
C)recent experiences
D)individual differences
E)all answers are correct

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed can affect how an individual interprets events. Differences in the information individuals possess, their moods and emotions, recent experiences, and individual differences such as personality or beliefs can all lead to different interpretations of the same event. Therefore, all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 5

The students compared their current professors when completing the evaluation of teaching surveys.This is an example of:
A)halo effect
B)leniency effect
C)central tendency effect
D)recency effect
E)contrast effect

Accepted Answer

The students' comparison of their current professors suggests a contrast effect, where their evaluation of each individual professor is influenced by their experience with other professors.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a stage of social perception?
A)cognition
B)selective attention/comprehension
C)encoding and simplification
D)storage and retention
E)retrieval and response

Accepted Answer

Cognition is not a stage of social perception; it is a broader process that involves acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Social perception specifically refers to the process of interpreting information about other people.

Question 7

What does central tendency effect refer to?
A)the tendency to judge people harshly
B)the tendency to avoid all extreme judgments
C)the tendency to not judge people
D)the tendency to rely on first impressions
E)the tendency to form an overall impression

Accepted Answer

The central tendency effect refers to the inclination to avoid making extreme judgments about something, instead favoring more moderate or middle-ground evaluations. This can occur in various contexts, such as performance reviews, where evaluators might be reluctant to rate individuals or items at the extreme ends of a scale, preferring instead to choose options closer to the average or midpoint.

Question 8

The CEO allowed each executive team member to defend his or her department budgetary allocation that would result in a financial loss.This is an example of which negatively perceived leadership behaviour?
A)getting the team to work as individuals
B)letting group members make decisions
C)maintaining performance standards
D)assigning specific tasks

Accepted Answer

The CEO allowed each executive team member to defend his or her department budgetary allocation that would result in a financial loss. This is an example of getting the team to work as individuals, which is a negatively perceived leadership behavior.

Question 9

Common forms of stereotypes include:
A)sex-role
B)age
C)racial
D)ethnic
E)all answers indicate a common form of stereotype

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are common forms of stereotypes. Sex-role stereotypes involve beliefs about the appropriate roles and behaviors of men and women, while age stereotypes involve beliefs about the abilities and characteristics of people at different ages. Racial and ethnic stereotypes involve beliefs about the characteristics and behaviors of people based on their perceived race or ethnicity.

Question 10

"I am very hungry." Which salient stimuli would the speaker most likely pay attention to?
A)a gas station sign
B)a fast food restaurant
C)a bank
D)a person walking their dog
E)a shopping mall

Accepted Answer

The speaker is hungry and looking for food, so the most salient stimulus would be a fast food restaurant. The other options are not related to satisfying hunger.

Question 11

Which of the following statements most accurately defines "social cognition?"
A)the study of people and objects
B)the process of interpreting one's environment
C)the study of how people perceive each other
D)a four-stage sequence
E)being consciously aware of someone

Accepted Answer

Social cognition is the study of how people perceive, process, and interpret information about themselves and others in their social environment. Therefore, option C which states "the study of how people perceive each other" is the most accurate statement among the given options.

Question 12

Helen is working by herself at a shoe store as her two colleagues are at home sick.Her supervisor comments on the messy displays and poor customer service, ignoring that the store is short staffed.This is an example of:
A)stereotypes
B)perception
C)bullying
D)workplace aggression
E)fundamental attribution bias

Accepted Answer

The supervisor is exhibiting fundamental attribution bias by attributing the messy displays and poor customer service solely to Helen's behavior, rather than taking into account the fact that the store is short staffed due to her colleagues being sick. This bias involves focusing on internal factors (Helen's behavior) instead of external factors (shortage of staff) when explaining someone's behavior.

Question 13

A key managerial challenge is
A)reduce sex-role stereotypes
B)to treat employees fairly
C)use knowledge of perceptual process to help them interact more effectively with employees
D)to reduce the extent to which stereotypes influence decision making and interpersonal processes throughout the organization
E)to use mixed-group contact to reduce stereotyping

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions the need to reduce the extent to which stereotypes influence decision making and interpersonal processes throughout the organization, indicating that this is a key managerial challenge. The other options are related to important issues as well, but they are not the primary focus of this statement.

Question 14

Attribution models can be used by managers to
A)manage biases
B)manage underlying behaviour
C)explain how to handle poorly performing employees
D)explain the causes of one's successes and externalize the causes of one's failures
E)explain the transfer of employees whose poor performance was attributed to lack of ability

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attribution models can be used by managers...

Question 15

In the social perception model, what is the third stage of social perception?
A)storage and retention
B)retrieval and response
C)encoding and simplification
D)comprehension
E)decisions

Accepted Answer

The third stage of social perception is storage and retention, following the initial stages of encoding and simplification, and comprehension.

Question 16

Perception is the process of interpreting one's environment.

Accepted Answer

Perception involves taking in sensory information and interpreting it to make sense of our environment.

Question 17

Perception involves a 3-stage sequence of information processing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Perception involves a 3-stage sequence of information...

Question 18

A student arrived 30 minutes late for an exam.The professor gave the student the full time for the exam even though the student admitted she was late as she stopped for a coffee.This is an example of:
A)halo effect
B)leniency effect
C)central tendency effect
D)recency effect
E)contrast effect

Accepted Answer

This is an example of leniency effect, where the professor shows lenience towards the student by giving them full time for the exam despite being late.

Question 19

Jane considers her job success to be due to her hard work, her in-depth knowledge, and her understanding of the job.At times of job failures, Jane believes she was not supported by her peers and did not receive all the information required for success.This is an example of
A)fundamental attribution bias
B)self-serving bias
C)distinctiveness
D)consistency
E)consensus

Accepted Answer

This is an example of self-serving bias, as Jane attributes her successes to her personal qualities but blames external factors for her failures.

Question 20

Implicit cognition represents an automatic response from memory and is a conscious decision.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Implicit cognition is an automatic cognitive process that occurs without conscious awareness or intention. It refers to the unconscious beliefs, attitudes, and stereotypes that influence behavior without individuals being aware of their influence. On the other hand, explicit cognition is a conscious decision-making process that involves deliberate attention and awareness.

Quiz 2: Individual Behavior, Personality, and Values

Managers who conduct performance appraisals need to

What is fundamental attribution bias?

According to experts, implicit cognition can be reduced by:

Individuals interpret events differently.The reasons for the different interpretations may be due to

The students compared their current professors when completing the evaluation of teaching surveys.This is an example of:

Which of the following is not a stage of social perception?

What does central tendency effect refer to?

The CEO allowed each executive team member to defend his or her department budgetary allocation that would result in a financial loss.This is an example of which negatively perceived leadership behaviour?

Common forms of stereotypes include:

"I am very hungry." Which salient stimuli would the speaker most likely pay attention to?

Which of the following statements most accurately defines "social cognition?"

Helen is working by herself at a shoe store as her two colleagues are at home sick.Her supervisor comments on the messy displays and poor customer service, ignoring that the store is short staffed.This is an example of:

A key managerial challenge is

Attribution models can be used by managers to

In the social perception model, what is the third stage of social perception?

Perception is the process of interpreting one's environment.

Perception involves a 3-stage sequence of information processing.

A student arrived 30 minutes late for an exam.The professor gave the student the full time for the exam even though the student admitted she was late as she stopped for a coffee.This is an example of:

Jane considers her job success to be due to her hard work, her in-depth knowledge, and her understanding of the job.At times of job failures, Jane believes she was not supported by her peers and did not receive all the information required for success.This is an example of

Implicit cognition represents an automatic response from memory and is a conscious decision.