Question 1

An example of _____ attention is making a decision about which stimuli to attend to when making a left turn at an intersection.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention involves choosing which stimuli to focus on while ignoring others. In the given scenario, a driver must pay attention to relevant stimuli such as traffic lights, pedestrian signals, and other vehicles, while ignoring irrelevant stimuli such as billboards or background music. This requires the use of selective attention. Executive attention refers to the ability to shift between tasks and prioritize tasks; divided attention refers to the ability to process multiple tasks simultaneously; sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain attention over a prolonged period. None of these definitions fit the given scenario as well as selective attention.

Question 2

Although there are differences in the quality of care in nursing homes and other extended-care facilities in the United States,more than _____ are considered to be seriously deficient.

Accepted Answer

According to the Center for Medicare Advocacy, approximately one-third of all nursing homes in the United States have been cited for serious violations that have caused actual harm or immediate jeopardy to residents.

Question 3

The term _____ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant to the task at hand while ignoring others that are irrelevant.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on certain aspects of experience and ignore others that are irrelevant. Divided attention refers to the ability to focus on more than one task at a time. Attention deficit is a condition where an individual struggles with paying attention. Sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain focus on a task for an extended period of time.

Question 4

_____ attention,which consists of focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant,generally decreases in older adults.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring others that are irrelevant. It has been found that selective attention generally decreases in older adults. Perceptive attention, on the other hand, refers to the ability to perceive stimuli from the environment and is not necessarily age-dependent. Inductive and sustained attention are not directly related to the ability to focus on specific aspects of experience, so they are not the best choices in this context.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about attention?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that when the two competing tasks are reasonably easy, age differences among adults are minimal or nonexistent. However, on more complex tasks, older adults may have more difficulty dividing their attention efficiently. Option A is not true as older adults may have more difficulty dividing attention effectively on more difficult tasks. Option C is also incorrect as age differences are less pronounced on simple tasks, and with sufficient practice, individuals can improve their performance. Option D is a matter of debate and can depend on the specific task and context.

Question 6

A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to a person's knowledge about the world, including facts and concepts. Schematic memory involves mental frameworks for organizing and interpreting information in the environment. Functional memory refers to memory for how to perform specific tasks, while normative memory is not a commonly used term in psychology.

Question 7

The retention of information about the when and where of life's happenings is called _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory involves the retention of information about the specifics of personal experiences, including the time and place in which they occurred. Prospective memory refers to remembering to do things in the future, while source memory involves recalling the origin of information. Semantic memory involves general knowledge and facts, rather than personal experiences.

Question 8

In the study by Rodin and Langer,which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives?

Accepted Answer

The study by Rodin and Langer found that older adults having perceived control over their own lives resulted in increased longevity.

Question 9

Remembering the name of your favorite toy when you were a child is an example of _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Remembering the name of a favorite toy from childhood involves recalling a personal event (playing with the toy) from one's past, which is characteristic of episodic memory. Prospective memory involves remembering to perform a particular action in the future, implicit memory involves unconscious or automatic memory, and semantic memory involves general knowledge and facts.

Question 10

_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object,task,event,or some other aspect of the environment.

Accepted Answer

Sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or some other aspect of the environment over an extended period of time. Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on a specific stimulus while filtering out irrelevant distractions. Divided attention refers to the ability to split attention between two or more tasks or stimuli. Executive attention refers to a higher-level cognitive ability that involves goal setting, planning, and inhibition of automatic responses.

Question 11

_____ is likely to delay biochemical alterations such as the age-related rise in cholesterol and triglycerides observed in both humans and animals.

Accepted Answer

Calorie restriction has been shown to delay biochemical alterations such as the age-related rise in cholesterol and triglycerides observed in both humans and animals. This is likely due to the fact that calorie restriction leads to a decrease in insulin levels, which in turn decreases the accumulation of fat in tissues and has a positive impact on lipid metabolism. Vitamin restriction, calorie overload, and protein-restricted diets do not have the same beneficial effects on biochemical alterations associated with aging.

Question 12

The Lumosity program used by older adults in a study to improve their selective attention focuses on all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The Lumosity program focuses on problem solving, mental calculation, working memory, and other cognitive abilities, but not specifically on vocabulary development.

Question 13

Zack is having a conversation with his friend Ben in a crowded room.Despite the presence of many voices around him,Zack focuses on what Ben is saying.This is an example of _____ attention.

Accepted Answer

Zack is able to selectively focus on what Ben is saying despite the distractions around him, indicating that he is using selective attention.

Question 14

In a classic study,Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer found that an important factor related to health,and even survival,in a nursing home is:

Accepted Answer

Rodin and Langer's study found that the patient's feelings of control and self-determination were related to health and even survival in a nursing home. This emphasizes the importance of promoting autonomy and empowering patients, rather than just focusing on medical care and staff support.

Question 15

An example of _____ attention is the ability to focus on one voice among many in a crowded room or a noisy restaurant.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the ability to focus on one specific stimulus while ignoring other distracting stimuli. In this case, it refers to the ability to focus on one voice among many other sounds in a crowded and noisy environment. Divided attention refers to the ability to focus on two or more stimuli at the same time, sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain attention over a period of time, and executive attention refers to the ability to control and regulate attention.

Question 16

Which of the following is a term used to describe sustained attention?

Accepted Answer

Vigilance is a term commonly used to describe sustained attention, which involves maintaining focus and attention over time. Executive functioning refers to a set of cognitive processes that involve planning, problem-solving, and decision-making. Transitivity is a concept in mathematics and logic. Multitasking refers to the ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.

Question 17

Your elderly aunt Marie was recently admitted to a nursing home where there is a "residents advisory board" made up of the people who live in the home.They consult with the staff on changes that affect their lives and help to plan the monthly activities. Based on research by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer,you would expect that Aunt Marie will:

Accepted Answer

Research by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer suggests that giving elderly people a sense of control and input into decisions affecting their lives can improve their overall well-being and mood. Therefore, Aunt Marie is likely to be happier than if she did not have any input into decisions affecting her life.

Question 18

Remembering where you went on vacation last summer is an example of _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to the ability to recall specific events or episodes that happened at a particular time and place. Remembering a past vacation is an example of episodic memory. Choice A, situational memory, refers to the ability to remember the context or environment in which a memory was formed. Choice B, semantic memory, involves the recall of general knowledge and facts. Choice C, prospective memory, is the ability to remember to perform a planned action or task in the future.

Question 19

Older adults who were given speed of processing training showed improvements in their _____ attention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Older adults who were given speed of...

Question 20

Older adults who participated in 20 one-hour video game training sessions with the program Lumosity showed improvements in their:

Accepted Answer

The study mentioned indicates that older adults who engaged in video game training with Lumosity showed improvements specifically in selective attention, which involves focusing on a particular object or task while ignoring irrelevant information.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood