Question 1

In a study of maltreating mothers and their one-year-olds,one treatment that was found to be effective in reducing child maltreatment involved parent-infant psychotherapy that focused on improving:

Accepted Answer

The treatment that was found effective was parent-infant psychotherapy that focused on improving maternal-infant attachment. This suggests that improving the bond between the mother and child can lead to reduced child maltreatment. The other choices of improving paternal-infant attachment, socioeconomic status, and support for the father were not mentioned in the study as effective measures in reducing child maltreatment.

Question 2

Maribel works as a housekeeper at a hotel.She has no autonomy in her work,works long hours,and feels quite stressed by her job.Kim is a lawyer who works long hours but has control over her work and a great office environment.Ann Crouter would say that:

Accepted Answer

Ann Crouter's research suggests that parents in high-stress jobs with no autonomy have less energy and time to devote to effective parenting. Therefore, Maribel's children are likely to experience less effective parenting than Kim's children, who work in a job with control and a better work environment.

Question 3

Child maltreatment has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Child maltreatment has not been linked to early entry into college. It has, however, been linked to attachment problems, difficulty adapting to school, and psychological problems.

Question 4

Following divorce,custodial mothers experience the loss of about _____ percent of their predivorce income.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that custodial mothers experience a loss of about 25 to 50 percent of their predivorce income following a divorce. This is due to factors such as reduced earning potential, increased financial responsibilities, and lack of support from the noncustodial parent.

Question 5

According to a recent study,children of divorced parents are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that children of divorced parents are more likely to have a higher number of cohabiting and marital partnerships than their peers whose parents didn't divorce.

Question 6

Lauren is a single mother living in poverty.She struggles to pay her bills,has few friends she can depend on,and is constantly under stress.Her 3-year-old child:

Accepted Answer

Lauren's financial struggles, lack of social support, and constant stress puts her child at risk for child maltreatment, including neglect or abuse. Children living in poverty are more likely to experience adverse childhood experiences, which can lead to long-term negative outcomes, including developmental delays and mental health disorders. It is important for Lauren to seek support from community resources, such as social services or local nonprofit organizations, to ensure the safety and well-being of her child.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE of how parents' work affects the development of their children?

Accepted Answer

The nature of the parents' work, such as job satisfaction and stress levels, can significantly impact children's development, more so than simply whether the parents work or not.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE of children in divorced families?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that a majority of children in divorced families do not have significant adjustment problems. While some children may experience short-term difficulties, most are able to adjust over time with support from family and/or professionals. Therefore, option A is true. Option B is false because not all children in divorced families experience impairments in their ability to adapt to difficulties in their lives. Option C is false because competent children can be raised in single-parent families as long as they are provided with adequate support and resources. Option D is false because children in divorced families are actually more likely than children in nondivorced families to have academic problems.

Question 9

Why do more and more researchers think that birth-order influences on child development have been emphasized too strongly?

Accepted Answer

Researchers believe that birth-order influences have been overemphasized because birth order itself shows limited ability to predict behavior when all of the factors that influence behavior are considered. In other words, there are many other factors (such as cultural background, family dynamics, and individual temperament) that play a bigger role in child development than birth order alone. Therefore, birth order should be viewed as just one of many factors that may influence a child's development rather than being the main determinant.

Question 10

Laurie Kramer,who has conducted a number of research studies on siblings,says that:

Accepted Answer

According to Laurie Kramer, not intervening and letting sibling conflict escalate are not good strategies. It is important for parents to intervene and help children resolve sibling conflicts in a positive and constructive manner. This can help siblings learn important conflict resolution skills and improve their relationships with each other. Allowing conflict to escalate can lead to negative outcomes such as increased aggression and emotional distress.

Question 11

About _____ of parents who were abused themselves when they were young go on to abuse their own children.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that about one-third of parents who were abused as children go on to abuse their own children.

Question 12

Which of the following countries has the highest percentage of single-parent families?

Accepted Answer

According to a report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2019, the United States has the highest percentage of single-parent households among the countries studied, with 23% of children living with a single parent. The other choices were not the highest percentage in the report.

Question 13

In terms of sibling relationships,when favoritism occurs,the less-favored sibling

Accepted Answer

When favoritism occurs, the less-favored sibling is likely to experience sadness. This can lead to feelings of resentment towards the parent or the favored sibling, which can further strain the sibling relationship.

Question 14

A number of researchers have shown that a(n)_____,which includes diminished parenting skills,occurs in the year following the divorce.

Accepted Answer

The word "disequilibrium" means a disruption of balance or stability, which accurately describes the family dynamic following a divorce. This disruption can lead to diminished parenting skills, as the parents and children adjust to their new situation.

Question 15

Poor emotion regulation,attachment problems,problems in peer relations,and other psychological problems are all associated with:

Accepted Answer

Child maltreatment, including physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, as well as neglect, has been consistently linked to poor emotion regulation, attachment problems, and difficulties in peer relationships. Research has shown that children who experience maltreatment are at a greater risk for a range of psychological problems. Poor genetics, fathers as caregivers, and stepparenting may also have an impact on psychological development, but they are not consistently associated with the specific problems mentioned in the question.

Question 16

Parenting stress,substance abuse,social isolation,single parenting,and socioeconomic difficulties are all factors that contribute to:

Accepted Answer

Parenting stress, substance abuse, social isolation, single parenting, and socioeconomic difficulties are all risk factors that can lead to child maltreatment. Research has shown that parents who experience stress, lack social support, or struggle with substance abuse are more likely to engage in abusive or neglectful behaviors towards their children. Additionally, single parenting and financial difficulties can also increase the risk of maltreatment.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of the characteristics of sibling relationships as described by Judy Dunn?

Accepted Answer

According to Judy Dunn's research, there is considerable variation in sibling relationships. This means that while some siblings may have close and supportive relationships, others may have distant or even hostile relationships. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. The other options are incorrect because they either make blanket statements that do not reflect the diversity of sibling relationships (option A and D) or make a false claim about most siblings not knowing each other well (option B).

Question 18

Firstborn and only children are alike in that both are _____ than later-born children.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that firstborn and only children tend to be more achievement-oriented than later-born children. They have a strong desire to excel academically and professionally, and they may feel pressure to succeed from their parents.

Question 19

It is estimated that approximately _____ percent of children born to married parents in the United States will experience their parents' divorce.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is estimated that approximately _____ percent...

Question 20

Sometimes the adjustment problems displayed by children whose parents divorce

Accepted Answer

Negative marital conflict prior to the divorce can have a significant impact on children's adjustment problems post-divorce. Research has shown that children who have been exposed to high levels of marital conflict are at greater risk of having adjustment problems after their parents' divorce.

B and D are incorrect as the media has little to do with children's adjustment problems following divorce, and adjustment problems are not limited to children from upper-income families. C is incorrect as positive marital conflict prior to divorce is not likely to result in children's adjustment problems.

Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood