Question 1

Centipedes,earthworms,and roundworms all illustrate segmentation.

Accepted Answer

Centipedes illustrate segmentation with their clearly divided body segments, but earthworms, while also segmented, are not in the same category. Roundworms, however, do not exhibit segmentation; their bodies are not divided into segments.

Question 2

Flatworms have bilateral symmetry.

Accepted Answer

Flatworms have a distinct head region and tail region, as well as a central axis that divides them in half, resulting in bilateral symmetry.

Question 3

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",the observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests that it was capable of absorbing oxygen from both the air and water, giving it an advantage in surviving in environments with fluctuating water levels or low oxygen levels.

Question 4

The tendency to concentrate sensory organs and brain at the head end of an animal is called cephalization.

Accepted Answer

Cephalization is indeed the tendency for animals to have sensory organs and nervous tissue concentrated at the head end of the body. This concentration allows for more efficient and complex processing of sensory information and motor function.

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of annelids?

Accepted Answer

Annelids have some concentration of sensory organs and their nervous system at the mouth end of their bodies.Please see section 17.6 for more information.

Question 6

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",the forelimbs of Tiktaalik have bones,but are fringed with fins instead of toes (Fig.20.57).Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Tiktaalik is a transitional fossil that displays features of both fish and tetrapods. It had bones in its forelimbs, indicating that it was starting to develop limbs, but the bones were fringed with fins instead of toes, indicating that it had not yet fully transitioned to a tetrapod with true limbs. Therefore, the best explanation for the fringed bones is that this species had not yet lost its fins.

Question 7

Which of the following were the first vertebrates to appear on land?

Accepted Answer

Amphibians were the first vertebrates to transition from water to land, evolving from lobe-finned fish during the Devonian period.

Question 8

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",what advantage might Tiktaalik have by moving from water to land?

Accepted Answer

Tiktaalik's move from water to land likely provided advantages such as avoiding both predation and competition with other aquatic species, allowing it to exploit new ecological niches.

Question 9

Some animals are autotrophs.

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis or other means. Animals are heterotrophs, meaning they rely on other organisms for their food.

Question 10

Octopuses and squids are cephalopods and are members of which group?

Accepted Answer

Octopuses and squids are both mollusks, specifically cephalopods, which are a sub-group of mollusks.

Question 11

Bats,birds,and dragonflies can all fly.Which of the following groups of animals have some members capable of flight?

Accepted Answer

Some reptiles (like certain species of flying lizards), arthropods (like insects), and mammals (like bats) have members capable of flight.

Question 12

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",Tiktaalik either crawled or paddled in shallow tropical streams about 380 mya,during the late Devonian period.These shallow waters often became anaerobic.What selective advantage did Tiktaalik have under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

Tiktaalik had lungs and could lift its head out of the water to breathe air, which was advantageous in anaerobic conditions where oxygen levels in water were low.

Question 13

Flatworms have complete digestive tracts.

Accepted Answer

Flatworms have incomplete digestive tracts with just one opening.

Question 14

Flatworms are very thin and can exchange materials across their surface.Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?

Accepted Answer

Flatworms do not need respiratory systems since their flat bodies have enough external surface area for gas exchange.

Question 15

An open circulatory system keeps blood in specialized vessels as the blood flows throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

An open circulatory system does not keep blood in specialized vessels, but rather has a fluid called hemolymph that bathes the organs directly.

Question 16

Which of the following is a trait shared by mammals and reptiles that is not shared by the other groups of chordates?

Accepted Answer

The amnion is a critical membrane in the amniote egg, which was key for the tetrapod conquest of land.

Question 17

Mollusks that have two-part hinged shells are called bivalves.

Accepted Answer

This is a true statement. Bivalves include clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops.

Question 18

Cnidarian bodies are one of two forms.A(n)______ consists of a sessile stalk with tentacles on one end.A(n)______ is a free-swimming,bell-shaped,"tentacles-down" body form with a single opening forming the mouth.

Accepted Answer

According to the description given, one form is a sessile stalk with tentacles on one end, which is the polyp form. The other form is a free-swimming, bell-shaped, "tentacles-down" body form with a single opening forming the mouth, which is the medusa form.

Question 19

Which of the following were the first vertebrates to truly thrive on land?

Accepted Answer

Reptiles were the first vertebrates to truly thrive on land because they were able to adapt to the drier environment and lay their eggs on land. Amphibians, birds, and mammals all have different adaptations that allow them to live on land, but reptiles were the first to truly thrive in this habitat. Fish are not adapted to live on land.

Question 20

Earthworms have multiple hearts that pump blood throughout the body in vessels.They also ingest soil,digest the organic matter,and eliminate the indigestible particles as castings through an opening separate from that used for ingestion.Earthworms have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Earthworms have a complete digestive tract that consists of a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, and anus. They also have a closed circulatory system with multiple hearts that pump blood throughout the body in vessels. This system allows for efficient transport of nutrients and oxygen to the tissues.

Quiz 17: Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Centipedes,earthworms,and roundworms all illustrate segmentation.

Flatworms have bilateral symmetry.

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",the observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests which of the following?

The tendency to concentrate sensory organs and brain at the head end of an animal is called cephalization.

Which of the following is a characteristic of annelids?

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",the forelimbs of Tiktaalik have bones,but are fringed with fins instead of toes (Fig.20.57) .Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

Which of the following were the first vertebrates to appear on land?

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",what advantage might Tiktaalik have by moving from water to land?

Some animals are autotrophs.

Octopuses and squids are cephalopods and are members of which group?

Bats,birds,and dragonflies can all fly.Which of the following groups of animals have some members capable of flight?

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",Tiktaalik either crawled or paddled in shallow tropical streams about 380 mya,during the late Devonian period.These shallow waters often became anaerobic.What selective advantage did Tiktaalik have under these conditions?

Flatworms have complete digestive tracts.

Flatworms are very thin and can exchange materials across their surface.Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?

An open circulatory system keeps blood in specialized vessels as the blood flows throughout the body.

Which of the following is a trait shared by mammals and reptiles that is not shared by the other groups of chordates?

Mollusks that have two-part hinged shells are called bivalves.

Cnidarian bodies are one of two forms.A(n) consists of a sessile stalk with tentacles on one end.A(n) is a free-swimming,bell-shaped,"tentacles-down" body form with a single opening forming the mouth.

Which of the following were the first vertebrates to truly thrive on land?

Earthworms have multiple hearts that pump blood throughout the body in vessels.They also ingest soil,digest the organic matter,and eliminate the indigestible particles as castings through an opening separate from that used for ingestion.Earthworms have which of the following?

Quiz 17: Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Centipedes,earthworms,and roundworms all illustrate segmentation.

Flatworms have bilateral symmetry.

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",the observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests which of the following?

The tendency to concentrate sensory organs and brain at the head end of an animal is called cephalization.

Which of the following is a characteristic of annelids?

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",the forelimbs of Tiktaalik have bones,but are fringed with fins instead of toes (Fig.20.57) .Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

Which of the following were the first vertebrates to appear on land?

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",what advantage might Tiktaalik have by moving from water to land?

Some animals are autotrophs.

Octopuses and squids are cephalopods and are members of which group?

Bats,birds,and dragonflies can all fly.Which of the following groups of animals have some members capable of flight?

In the section "Investigating Life: Discovering the 'Fishapod'",Tiktaalik either crawled or paddled in shallow tropical streams about 380 mya,during the late Devonian period.These shallow waters often became anaerobic.What selective advantage did Tiktaalik have under these conditions?

Flatworms have complete digestive tracts.

Flatworms are very thin and can exchange materials across their surface.Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?

An open circulatory system keeps blood in specialized vessels as the blood flows throughout the body.

Which of the following is a trait shared by mammals and reptiles that is not shared by the other groups of chordates?

Mollusks that have two-part hinged shells are called bivalves.

Cnidarian bodies are one of two forms.A(n) ______ consists of a sessile stalk with tentacles on one end.A(n) ______ is a free-swimming,bell-shaped,"tentacles-down" body form with a single opening forming the mouth.

Which of the following were the first vertebrates to truly thrive on land?

Earthworms have multiple hearts that pump blood throughout the body in vessels.They also ingest soil,digest the organic matter,and eliminate the indigestible particles as castings through an opening separate from that used for ingestion.Earthworms have which of the following?

Cnidarian bodies are one of two forms.A(n) consists of a sessile stalk with tentacles on one end.A(n) is a free-swimming,bell-shaped,"tentacles-down" body form with a single opening forming the mouth.