Question 1

Research by Simon LeVay demonstrated that, on the average, homosexual and heterosexual men differ in

Accepted Answer

Simon LeVay's research demonstrated that homosexual and heterosexual men differ in the size of a structure in the hypothalamus of the brain called the INAH-3 (the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus). Homosexual men, on average, had a smaller INAH-3 than heterosexual men.

Question 2

One professor assigned three papers in his class. Then, she let students decide between firm deadlines spread out or having the flexibility to turn in the papers at any time during the semester. What were the results, on the average?

Accepted Answer

Those who set rigid, spread-out deadlines for themselves generally performed better. This is because structured deadlines help in managing time more effectively, preventing procrastination, and ensuring that work is completed in a timely manner.

Question 3

Research by Simon LeVay suggests that sexual orientation in men may be related to the size of part of the

Accepted Answer

Simon LeVay's research suggests that the size of the anterior hypothalamus, a region of the brain, may be related to sexual orientation in men.

Question 4

Workers show the highest level of productivity when they set which type of goal?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that workers show the highest level of productivity when they have a specific, challenging goal to work towards. This gives them a clear target to aim for and a sense of purpose in their work. Setting vague or easy goals may not provide the same level of motivation and focus. No goal at all would lead to lack of direction and productivity.

Question 5

In one study, a professor gave firm deadlines to one section of his course and let students in his other section choose their own deadlines. What were the results?

Accepted Answer

Students who chose deadlines evenly spaced through the semester performed better, as it helped them manage their time and workload more effectively.

Question 6

Students in one section of a class were assigned deadlines for their paper assignments, while students in the other section were allowed to set their own deadlines (but then had to meet those deadlines). The results of this study indicated that

Accepted Answer

The study indicates that students with assigned deadlines received higher grades for their papers than students who chose the last day of class as their own deadline. Therefore, option C is correct. Option A is not correct because it contradicts the findings of the study. Option B is not correct because it suggests that students who chose the last day of class for all three papers received the highest grades, which is not supported by the study. Option D is also not correct because the study clearly found an effect of deadlines on performance.

Question 7

In one study, students had the opportunity to set their own deadlines for papers. According to the results, the best advice is to

Accepted Answer

Setting firm deadlines that distribute the workload evenly throughout the semester helps in managing time effectively, avoiding procrastination, and ensuring consistent progress.

Question 8

Juan has received As and Bs in his first three semesters of college. Which of the following goals would be most effective in helping him to get straight As this semester?

Accepted Answer

Setting a high goal of getting straight As can help Juan to focus and work harder towards achieving this goal. It provides him with a clear target to strive for and can motivate him to work harder and smarter. Publicly announcing a goal to get Bs but secretly hoping for As may lead to a lack of motivation or effort since he is not fully committed to the goal. Vowing to do his best is a good attitude, but it does not provide a clear goal or target to work towards. Setting a low goal of getting Cs is not advisable, as it sets a low standard for performance and does not challenge Juan to strive for excellence.

Question 9

A portion of the anterior hypothalamus known as INAH3 is generally larger in males than it is in females, and is known to be necessary for the display of male-typical sexual behavior. Researcher Simon LeVay found that in homosexual men INAH3

Accepted Answer

LeVay's research found that INAH3 in homosexual men is about the same size as in women and is smaller than in heterosexual men.

Question 10

Goals are most effective at motivating increased efforts if the goals are

Accepted Answer

Challenging goals have been shown to motivate increased effort and performance. When goals are too easy, individuals may not feel motivated to put in additional effort. Flexible goals like "do your best" may not provide a clear target for individuals to strive for, and private goals may not provide the external accountability that often motivates individuals to work harder.

Question 11

A professor let members of one class set their own deadlines for submitting three papers in a three-month course. On the average, which students wrote the best papers?

Accepted Answer

Students who spaced out their work by setting deadlines after the first, second, and third months likely managed their time more effectively, allowing for better research, writing, and revision processes. This approach helps in avoiding procrastination and the stress of last-minute work, leading to higher quality papers.

Question 12

Researcher Simon LeVay found differences between adult male homosexuals and adult male heterosexuals in

Accepted Answer

Simon LeVay found differences between adult male homosexuals and adult male heterosexuals in part of the hypothalamus. Specifically, LeVay found that a region in the hypothalamus, called the INAH3, was significantly smaller in homosexual men than in heterosexual men.

Question 13

When workers set a "do your best" goal for themselves, their level of productivity is

Accepted Answer

Setting a vague "do your best" goal is less effective than setting a specific goal, as it provides no direction or motivation for the worker. Therefore, their productivity is likely to be about the same as it would be with no goal at all.

Question 14

A company that wants to increase the productivity of its workers should set which kind of goal?

Accepted Answer

A challenging but realistic goal can motivate workers to work harder and be more productive. Setting a simple, easy goal may not be challenging enough to motivate workers, and a flexible goal may not provide enough direction or structure. Not setting a goal at all can lead to confusion and lack of direction.

Question 15

What did Simon LeVay find when he examined the area of the hypothalamus called INAH3?

Accepted Answer

Simon LeVay found that the area of the hypothalamus called INAH3 was larger in heterosexual men than in homosexual men, suggesting a possible relationship between this brain structure and sexual orientation. He did not find any differences between men and women or between homosexual men and heterosexual women.

Question 16

Suppose you have a choice between setting firm (no-exceptions) deadlines to finish part of your work each month, or a deadline to finish all of it at the end of the semester. What are the probable consequences of either choice?

Accepted Answer

Setting firm monthly deadlines can help you stay on track and prevent procrastination. It allows you to break down your work into manageable parts and ensures that you make steady progress towards your goal. On the other hand, waiting until the end of the semester to complete all of your work can create stress and pressure to finish everything at once, potentially leading to subpar work or errors. Therefore, it is likely that you will do better work if you set monthly deadlines.

Question 17

One way in which homosexual and heterosexual men differ biologically, on the average, is that (according to one study)

Accepted Answer

According to one study, a structure in the hypothalamus called the anterior commissure is larger in heterosexual men than in homosexual men.

Question 18

In what aspect have researchers found male homosexuals' brains to be more similar to those of females than to those of male heterosexuals?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the structure of the hypothalamus in male homosexuals is more similar to that found in females than in heterosexual males, indicating a potential neurobiological basis for sexual orientation.

Question 19

If you want to make and keep a New Year's resolution, which of the following is poor advice?

Accepted Answer

Setting a goal that is either too easy or too difficult can be poor advice. An easy goal may not challenge you enough, and a difficult goal may be discouraging and not achievable. It's important to set a goal that is challenging but still achievable with effort. A, B, and D are all good advice for making and keeping a New Year's resolution.

Question 20

According to research by Simon LeVay, men with a homosexual orientation differ from men with a heterosexual orientation with regard to

Accepted Answer

According to Simon LeVay's research on the hypothalamus, homosexual men have a smaller nucleus in their hypothalamus than heterosexual men. This finding suggests that sexual orientation may be related to differences in brain structure. The other answer choices are not supported by LeVay's research.

Quiz 11: Motivated Behaviors