Question 1

If a researcher sets a critical z value equal to $\pm$1.96,then test statistics falling beyond that range _____.
A)suggest the null hypothesis is true
B)suggest that the alternative hypothesis is false
C)indicate an error has been made
D)suggest that the alternative hypothesis is true

Accepted Answer

Setting a critical z value equal to ±1.96 is common in hypothesis testing for a 95% confidence level. If the test statistic falls beyond this range, it suggests that the observed data are significantly different from what would be expected under the null hypothesis, leading to the conclusion that the alternative hypothesis is true.

Question 2

The fourth step in the one sample z test is the conversion of the observed sample mean into a z value to determine how many _____ it is away from _____,assuming the null hypothesis is true.
A)standard scores;ó
B)standard errors;ì
C)standard deviations;z

Accepted Answer

The fourth step in the one sample z test involves converting the observed sample mean into a z value by dividing the difference between the sample mean and the null hypothesis mean by the standard error. Therefore, the correct answer is B, which is standard errors.

Question 3

Traditionally,_____ is the probability associated with alpha.
A).05
B).025
C).50
D)1-.05

Accepted Answer

The traditional probability associated with alpha is 0.05, which is represented by choice A.

Question 4

The statement "to fail to reject the null hypothesis" would be made when the observed value of z ______.
A)falls within the region bounded by the critical values
B)falls beyond the critical values
C)could have occurred by chance less than .05
D)is -2.00

Accepted Answer

When the observed value of z falls within the region bounded by the critical values, it means that the results are not statistically significant enough to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 5

The formula that we use to test the hypothesis that a simple mean was drawn from a population with µ=100 and ó=9 is _____.
A)z=( 
-ì)/N
B)z=( 
- ì)/ ó
 
C)z=( 
-ì)/
 
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The formula for testing the hypothesis of a simple mean being drawn from a population with known mean and standard deviation is z=(x̄-μ)/σ. Here, x̄ = the sample mean, μ = the known population mean, and σ = the known population standard deviation. The formula in option B matches this format.

Question 6

When the alpha level is .05,a result is defined as being "unexpected" if the probability of obtaining that result,assuming the null hypothesis is true,is:
A)less than .95
B)greater than .95
C)less than .05
D)greater than .05

Accepted Answer

The alpha level (.05) is the threshold for statistical significance. If the probability of obtaining a result, assuming the null hypothesis is true, is less than .05, it is considered "unexpected" or statistically significant, indicating that such a result would be rare if the null hypothesis were true.

Question 7

A probability value that defines a region associated with unexpected results is known as _____.
A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)1-alpha

Accepted Answer

Alpha is the probability value that defines the region of unexpected results, also known as the level of significance. Beta (B) is the probability of making a type II error in hypothesis testing, which is failing to reject a false null hypothesis. Gamma (C) is not commonly used in the context of hypothesis testing. 1-alpha (D) is sometimes used to represent the level of confidence in intervals, but not in hypothesis testing.

Question 8

If the observed and expected results of some experiment are not identical,then the null hypothesis (no differences)should be ______.
A)rejected
B)rejected only if the discrepancy cannot be attributed to chance
C)accepted
D)accepted only if experiment is repeated

Accepted Answer

If the observed and expected results are not identical, it could be due to chance. Therefore, the null hypothesis should be rejected only if the discrepancy cannot be attributed to chance, which can be determined by calculating a p-value. Accepting or repeating the experiment does not necessarily address the issue of whether the discrepancy can be attributed to chance.

Question 9

A sampling distribution of means based on all possible random samples of size 25,drawn from a population with a mean of 100,will have a standard error of _____.
A)5
B)4
C)20
D)can't determine above

Accepted Answer

The standard error of the mean depends on both the standard deviation of the population and the sample size (n), calculated as the population standard deviation divided by the square root of n. Without knowing the population standard deviation, we cannot determine the standard error.

Question 10

A sampling distribution of means based on all possible random samples of N=25,drawn from a population having a µ of 25 and a ó of 4,will have a mean of _____ and standard deviation of _____.
A)25;4
B)25;.8
C)25;.16
D)unknown;.8

Accepted Answer

The mean of the sampling distribution of means is equal to the population mean (µ = 25), and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution (often called the standard error) is equal to the population standard deviation (σ = 4) divided by the square root of the sample size (N = 25), which is 4/√25 = 4/5 = .8.

Question 11

Informally,the _____ hypothesis can be thought of as the hypothesis of _____.
A)alternative;minimal difference
B)null;significant difference
C)null;no difference
D)alternative;mean difference

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis assumes no difference between groups or variables being compared, while the alternative hypothesis suggests that there is a difference. Therefore, the best choice is C, as it correctly pairs the null hypothesis (no difference) with the informal interpretation of the alternative hypothesis (minimal difference).

Question 12

The set of all standard scores that are more extreme than the critical values (that is,less than the negative critical value or greater than the positive critical value.is called a(n)_____ region and constitutes a(n)_____ result.
A)acceptance;unexpected
B)acceptance;expected
C)rejection;expected
D)rejection;unexpected

Accepted Answer

A rejection region represents extreme values that are unlikely to occur by chance alone, so a result falling in this region would be unexpected. Therefore, the only appropriate choice is D, rejection region and unexpected result.

Question 13

Rejection regions are determined with reference to a probability value known as a(n):
A)alpha level
B)beta level
C)probability level
D)z level

Accepted Answer

The rejection region is determined with reference to an alpha level, which is also known as the level of significance. This is the maximum probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

Question 14

If you conducted an experiment and observed results that indicated a very large discrepancy between the observed and expected results,then you probably would ______.
A)accept the null hypothesis of "no difference"
B)repeat the experiment until expected results are obtained
C)reject the null hypothesis
D)repeat the experiment until no discrepancies are observed

Accepted Answer

A large discrepancy between observed and expected results is an indication that the null hypothesis of "no difference" is not true, and thus should be rejected. Repeating the experiment until expected results are obtained or until no discrepancies are observed may potentially lead to false conclusions, as it may simply be due to chance or systematic errors.

Question 15

The formula for determining the standard error of the population mean is _____.
A)ó/ 
B)ó/N
C)ó/N-1
D)s/N-1

Accepted Answer

The answer of The formula for determining the standard error...

Question 16

As part of the process of hypothesis testing,the task of a researcher is to choose between _____. A)N or n B)Z or µ C)H₀ and H₁ D)µ or ó

Accepted Answer

The answer of As part of the process of hypothesis...

Question 17

Which of the following describes a typical null hypothesis?
A)µ=150
B)µ 
150
C)µ<150
D)µ>150

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following describes a typical...

Question 18

In the process of hypothesis testing,the investigator begins by stating a proposal,or hypothesis,that is assumed to be:

Accepted Answer

In hypothesis testing, the investigator indeed begins by stating a proposal or hypothesis, which is an assumption about a population parameter that is to be tested. This initial hypothesis is known as the null hypothesis.

Question 19

If the observed result of an investigation is so discrepant from the expected result that the difference cannot be attributed to chance,then the _____ hypothesis is _____.
A)alternative;rejected
B)null;rejected
C)alternative;accepted
D)null;accepted

Accepted Answer

If the observed result is so discrepant from the expected result that the difference cannot be attributed to chance, then the null hypothesis (the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between observed and expected results) is rejected. Therefore, the best choice is B - null hypothesis is rejected.

Question 20

The most likely conclusion to make if your observed z exceeds the critical value is the _____.
A)null hypothesis is true
B)the population mean is equal to the value specified in the null hypothesis
C)the sample mean is different from the population mean
D)the population mean is different from the value specified in the null hypothesis

Accepted Answer

If the observed z value exceeds the critical value, it means that the sample mean is significantly different from the value specified in the null hypothesis. Therefore, the null hypothesis is likely to be rejected and the population mean is different from the value specified in the null hypothesis.

Quiz 8: Hypothesis Testing: Inferences About a Single Mean

If a researcher sets a critical z value equal to $\pm$ 1.96,then test statistics falling beyond that range _____.

The fourth step in the one sample z test is the conversion of the observed sample mean into a z value to determine how many _ it is away from _,assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Traditionally,_____ is the probability associated with alpha.

The statement "to fail to reject the null hypothesis" would be made when the observed value of z ______.

The formula that we use to test the hypothesis that a simple mean was drawn from a population with µ=100 and ó=9 is _____.

When the alpha level is .05,a result is defined as being "unexpected" if the probability of obtaining that result,assuming the null hypothesis is true,is:

A probability value that defines a region associated with unexpected results is known as _____.

If the observed and expected results of some experiment are not identical,then the null hypothesis (no differences) should be ______.

A sampling distribution of means based on all possible random samples of size 25,drawn from a population with a mean of 100,will have a standard error of _____.

A sampling distribution of means based on all possible random samples of N=25,drawn from a population having a µ of 25 and a ó of 4,will have a mean of _ and standard deviation of _.

Informally,the _ hypothesis can be thought of as the hypothesis of _.

The set of all standard scores that are more extreme than the critical values (that is,less than the negative critical value or greater than the positive critical value.is called a(n) _ region and constitutes a(n) _ result.

Rejection regions are determined with reference to a probability value known as a(n) :

If you conducted an experiment and observed results that indicated a very large discrepancy between the observed and expected results,then you probably would ______.

The formula for determining the standard error of the population mean is _____.

As part of the process of hypothesis testing,the task of a researcher is to choose between _____.

Which of the following describes a typical null hypothesis?

In the process of hypothesis testing,the investigator begins by stating a proposal,or hypothesis,that is assumed to be:

If the observed result of an investigation is so discrepant from the expected result that the difference cannot be attributed to chance,then the _ hypothesis is _.

The most likely conclusion to make if your observed z exceeds the critical value is the _____.

Quiz 8: Hypothesis Testing: Inferences About a Single Mean

If a researcher sets a critical z value equal to ±\pm± 1.96,then test statistics falling beyond that range _____.

The fourth step in the one sample z test is the conversion of the observed sample mean into a z value to determine how many _____ it is away from _____,assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Traditionally,_____ is the probability associated with alpha.

The statement "to fail to reject the null hypothesis" would be made when the observed value of z ______.

The formula that we use to test the hypothesis that a simple mean was drawn from a population with µ=100 and ó=9 is _____.

When the alpha level is .05,a result is defined as being "unexpected" if the probability of obtaining that result,assuming the null hypothesis is true,is:

A probability value that defines a region associated with unexpected results is known as _____.

If the observed and expected results of some experiment are not identical,then the null hypothesis (no differences) should be ______.

A sampling distribution of means based on all possible random samples of size 25,drawn from a population with a mean of 100,will have a standard error of _____.

A sampling distribution of means based on all possible random samples of N=25,drawn from a population having a µ of 25 and a ó of 4,will have a mean of _____ and standard deviation of _____.

Informally,the _____ hypothesis can be thought of as the hypothesis of _____.

The set of all standard scores that are more extreme than the critical values (that is,less than the negative critical value or greater than the positive critical value.is called a(n) _____ region and constitutes a(n) _____ result.

Rejection regions are determined with reference to a probability value known as a(n) :

If you conducted an experiment and observed results that indicated a very large discrepancy between the observed and expected results,then you probably would ______.

The formula for determining the standard error of the population mean is _____.

As part of the process of hypothesis testing,the task of a researcher is to choose between _____.

Which of the following describes a typical null hypothesis?

In the process of hypothesis testing,the investigator begins by stating a proposal,or hypothesis,that is assumed to be:

If the observed result of an investigation is so discrepant from the expected result that the difference cannot be attributed to chance,then the _____ hypothesis is _____.

The most likely conclusion to make if your observed z exceeds the critical value is the _____.

If a researcher sets a critical z value equal to $\pm$ 1.96,then test statistics falling beyond that range _____.

The fourth step in the one sample z test is the conversion of the observed sample mean into a z value to determine how many _ it is away from _,assuming the null hypothesis is true.

A sampling distribution of means based on all possible random samples of N=25,drawn from a population having a µ of 25 and a ó of 4,will have a mean of _ and standard deviation of _.

Informally,the _ hypothesis can be thought of as the hypothesis of _.

The set of all standard scores that are more extreme than the critical values (that is,less than the negative critical value or greater than the positive critical value.is called a(n) _ region and constitutes a(n) _ result.

If the observed result of an investigation is so discrepant from the expected result that the difference cannot be attributed to chance,then the _ hypothesis is _.