Question 1

For a perfect positive linear relationship,the z scores for the X and Y variables will tend to have _____.
A)opposite signs
B)all negative signs
C)only positive signs
D)the same positive or negative signs

Accepted Answer

In a perfect positive linear relationship, as X increases, Y also increases. This means that the z-scores for both X and Y will have the same direction, either positive or negative. Therefore, the correct answer is D, the same positive or negative signs.

Question 2

A slope of _____ would be represented by a _____ line.
A)1.0;nonlinear
B)0;horizontal
C)-1.0;horizontal
D)1.0;horizontal

Accepted Answer

A slope of 0 means there is no change in the y-value for any change in the x-value, so the line would be horizontal.

Question 3

The _____ of a line indicates the number of units variable Y changes as variable X changes by 1 unit.
A)slope
B)intercept
C)scatterplot
D)residual

Accepted Answer

The slope of a line is the ratio of the change in the y-variable to the change in the x-variable. It tells us how much the y-variable changes for a given change in the x-variable.

Question 4

Research in the behavioral sciences is often concerned with _____ relationships.
A)qualified
B)unsystematic
C)linear
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

Research in the behavioral sciences often focuses on linear relationships, which involve a straight-line pattern between two variables. This type of relationship is often studied through correlation and regression analyses. Qualified and unsystematic relationships are also variables that can be studied, but they are not as commonly used or understood in the behavioral sciences as linear relationships.

Question 5

For a perfect negative linear relationship,the z scores for the Y and X variables will tend to have _____.
A)the same sign
B)all negative signs
C)opposite signs
D)an inconsistent pairing of signs

Accepted Answer

In a perfect negative linear relationship, as the values for X increase, the values for Y decrease. This means that the z scores for X and Y variables will have opposite signs (i.e. X z scores will be negative and Y z scores will be positive). Therefore, choice C is the correct answer.

Question 6

The sum of the cross products is a measure of _____.
A)covariation between two sets of scores
B)variability between the X mean and the Y mean
C)sum of the squares for variable y multiplied by x values
D)the determination coefficient

Accepted Answer

The sum of cross products is a measure of how much two sets of scores covary or vary together. It is used to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.

Question 7

When there is no linear relationship,the z scores on X will ______.
A)bear no relationship to the z scores on Y
B)vary in sign but not size with the z scores on Y
C)vary in size but not sign with the z scores on Y
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

When there is no linear relationship between X and Y, the z scores on X will bear no relationship to the z scores on Y. This is because z scores represent the distance of a given observation from the mean in standard deviation units for a particular variable, and if there is no linear relationship between two variables, there is no basis for standardizing one variable in terms of the other.

Question 8

If the values of the variables X and Y are directly related,then as a score in X _____ the value of a score in Y _____.
A)increase;increases
B)increases;decreases
C)decreases;increases
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

When two variables are directly related, an increase in one variable leads to an increase in the other variable. Therefore, as a score in X increases, the value of a score in Y also increases.

Question 9

The general form of the linear model is _____. A)Y = bX + aX B)Y = a + bX C)Y = b + a + X D)Y = a + bX²

Accepted Answer

The general form of the linear model is Y = a + bX, where Y is the dependent variable, X is the independent variable, a is the intercept, and b is the slope coefficient. This equation represents a straight-line relationship between X and Y where a and b determine the position and slope of the line, respectively.

Question 10

If the value of variables X and Y are inversely related,then as a score on X ____ the value of a score on Y ____.
A)decreases;decreases
B)increases;increases
C)increases;decreases
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Inverse relationship means that as the value of one variable increases, the value of the other variable decreases. Therefore, as the score on X increases, the value of a score on Y will decrease. Thus, the best choice is C, where X increases and Y decreases.

Question 11

The Pearson correlation technique may be used to measure ______ relationships when both variables are ______ in nature.
A)curvilinear;qualitative
B)linear;qualitative
C)linear;quantitative
D)curvilinear;quantitative

Accepted Answer

The Pearson correlation technique can only measure linear relationships between two quantitative variables. Therefore, option A and D are not correct as they mention curvilinear relationships, and option B is not correct as it mentions qualitative variables. The correct option is C as it refers to a linear relationship between two quantitative variables.

Question 12

The largest correlation coefficient that can be observed under any circumstance is _____.
A)100%
B) $\pm$1.00
C)+1.00
D)unlimited

Accepted Answer

The answer of The largest correlation coefficient that can be...

Question 13

In the case of a _____ relationship,as scores on X increase,scores on Y also increase.
A)curvilinear
B)positive
C)negative
D)constant

Accepted Answer

A positive relationship between X and Y means that as X increases, Y also increases. This is the opposite of a negative relationship where as X increases, Y decreases. A constant relationship means that there is no relationship between X and Y and a curvilinear relationship means that the relationship between X and Y is not a straight line, but rather follows a curve.

Question 14

In the case of a negative relationship,as scores on X _____,scores on Y _____.
A)increase;stay the same
B)decrease;stay the same
C)decrease;decrease
D)increase;decrease

Accepted Answer

In a negative relationship, as scores on one variable increase, scores on the other variable decrease. This is characteristic of a negative correlation, where the variables move in opposite directions.

Question 15

The point at which a line intersects the Y axis when X = 0 is called the _____.
A)intercept
B)slope
C)abscissa
D)a and c

Accepted Answer

The intercept is the point where a line crosses the Y axis when X=0. This is commonly referred to as the Y intercept. The slope refers to the steepness of the line, while the abscissa is the value of X on the coordinate plane. Therefore, the correct answer is A) intercept.

Question 16

Which of the following correlation values represents the strongest relationship?
A).20
B)60
C)-.70
D).09

Accepted Answer

The correlation value -0.70 represents a strong negative relationship. A correlation value can range from -1 to 1, with -1 indicating a perfect negative relationship, 1 indicating a perfect positive relationship, and 0 indicating no relationship. In this case, the correlation value of -0.70 is closer to -1, indicating a strong negative relationship between the variables being measured. The other values (0.20, 0.60, and 0.09) indicate weaker or no relationships.

Question 17

If grade point average (GPA)and number of hours partying were related according to the following linear model: GPA= 4.00 - .40 Hours,what GPA would you predict if you partied for 8 hours?
A).80
B)2.20
C)1.00
D)3.60

Accepted Answer

The answer of If grade point average (GPA)and number of...

Question 18

The Pearson correlation may be used to determine the _____.
A)relationship between two variables
B)variability between x and y scores
C)curvilinear relationship between x and y
D)predictive error between two scores

Accepted Answer

The Pearson correlation is a measure of the linear association between two variables, indicating the direction and strength of their relationship.

Question 19

The Pearson correlation coefficient can range from _____.
A)0.0 to + 1.00
B)1.00 to 100.00
C)-1.00 to 1.00
D)0.0 to 8

Accepted Answer

The Pearson correlation coefficient can range from -1.00 to 1.00. A correlation coefficient of +1.00 represents a perfect positive correlation, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable increases at a consistent rate. A correlation coefficient of -1.00 represents a perfect negative correlation, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases at a consistent rate. A correlation coefficient of 0.00 represents no correlation between the variables.

Question 20

Which of the following correlation scores represents the weakest relationship?
A).40
B).60
C)-.80
D).09

Accepted Answer

A correlation score of .09 represents a very weak relationship, while scores of .40, .60, and -.80 indicate moderate to strong relationships.

Quiz 5: Pearson Correlation and Regression: Descriptive Aspects

For a perfect positive linear relationship,the z scores for the X and Y variables will tend to have _____.

A slope of _ would be represented by a _ line.

The _____ of a line indicates the number of units variable Y changes as variable X changes by 1 unit.

Research in the behavioral sciences is often concerned with _____ relationships.

For a perfect negative linear relationship,the z scores for the Y and X variables will tend to have _____.

The sum of the cross products is a measure of _____.

When there is no linear relationship,the z scores on X will ______.

If the values of the variables X and Y are directly related,then as a score in X _ the value of a score in Y _.

The general form of the linear model is _____.

If the value of variables X and Y are inversely related,then as a score on X the value of a score on Y .

The Pearson correlation technique may be used to measure relationships when both variables are in nature.

The largest correlation coefficient that can be observed under any circumstance is _____.

In the case of a _____ relationship,as scores on X increase,scores on Y also increase.

In the case of a negative relationship,as scores on X _,scores on Y _.

The point at which a line intersects the Y axis when X = 0 is called the _____.

Which of the following correlation values represents the strongest relationship?

If grade point average (GPA) and number of hours partying were related according to the following linear model: GPA= 4.00 - .40 Hours,what GPA would you predict if you partied for 8 hours?

The Pearson correlation may be used to determine the _____.

The Pearson correlation coefficient can range from _____.

Which of the following correlation scores represents the weakest relationship?