Question 1

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion,it may indicate

Accepted Answer

Agglutination occurs when there is a reaction between antibodies and antigens in the blood. If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it indicates that the antibodies in the recipient's blood are attacking the donor blood cells. This can happen if the wrong blood type was used for the transfusion. Therefore, the best choice is A, as it is the only option that suggests an incorrect blood type was used.

Question 2

Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important. )
A: The heme group is converted into biliverdin.
B: Bilirubin is stored in the liver.
C: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed.
D: The iron ions are stored in the liver.
E: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow.
F: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused.
G: The erythrocyte contents,excluding the globins,are excreted via the digestive tract unchanged.

Accepted Answer

During the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes, the heme group is converted into biliverdin (A) and then into bilirubin, which is stored in the liver (B). The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed (C) and then either stored in the liver (D) or used to produce new erythrocytes in the red bone marrow (E). Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused (F), while the erythrocyte contents, excluding the globins, are excreted via the digestive tract unchanged (G). Therefore, the events that occur during erythrocyte recycling are a, c, d, and f. However, the only option that includes all of these events is option B.

Question 3

The agglutinogens that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are

Accepted Answer

The agglutinogens that determine ABO and Rh blood types are found on the surface of erythrocytes (red blood cells).

Question 4

T-cells are a category of

Accepted Answer

T-cells are a subtype of lymphocyte.

Question 5

The leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as macrophages is the

Accepted Answer

Monocytes are precursors to macrophages, which are phagocytic cells that reside in tissues. Eosinophils and basophils are involved in allergic reactions and have limited phagocytic activity. Neutrophils are another type of phagocytic leukocyte, but they do not typically become resident tissue macrophages. Lymphocytes are involved in adaptive immune responses and do not have significant phagocytic activity.

Question 6

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days.

Accepted Answer

The life span of an erythrocyte (red blood cell) is about 120 days.

Question 7

Usually the most numerous of the leukocytes are the

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are the most numerous of the leukocytes, accounting for around 60-70% of all white blood cells in circulation. This is because they have a relatively short lifespan and are constantly being produced by the bone marrow to replace those that have died in the line of duty.

Question 8

Which are characteristic of type A blood?
A: Has anti-A antibodies
B: Has anti-B antibodies
C: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
D: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes
E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
F: Will agglutinate with blood type B

Accepted Answer

Type A blood has anti-B antibodies, surface antigen A on its erythrocytes, and will agglutinate with blood type B.

Question 9

The leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is the

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are phagocytic white blood cells that are very active during bacterial infections. They are the first responders to the site of infection and are capable of engulfing and digesting bacteria. Eosinophils and basophils are more active during allergic reactions and parasitic infections, respectively. Lymphocytes play a role in the immune response, but are not as directly involved in fighting bacterial infections. Monocytes can become macrophages, which can also participate in phagocytosis, but they are not as specifically associated with bacterial infections as neutrophils.

Question 10

Usually the least numerous of the leukocytes are the

Accepted Answer

Basophils are typically the least numerous of the leukocytes, comprising less than 1% of total leukocyte count. Eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils are all typically more numerous.

Question 11

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called

Accepted Answer

Hemopoiesis is the process of producing the formed elements of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Leukopenia refers to a decrease in white blood cell count, leukocytosis refers to an increase in white blood cell count, erythroblastosis refers specifically to a condition where the mother's antibodies attack fetal red blood cells, and agglutination refers to the clumping of red blood cells due to antibody-antigen interactions.

Question 12

The leukocyte that releases histamine is the

Accepted Answer

Basophils are the leukocytes that release histamine. Histamine plays an important role in the inflammatory response, causing vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels.

Question 13

Why is the name "thrombocyte" inappropriate for platelets?

Accepted Answer

"Thrombocyte" literally means "clot cell," which is a somewhat accurate description of the role of platelets in blood clotting. However, the prefix "thrombo-" implies that these cells are responsible for the formation of blood clots, which is not entirely accurate since they only play a secondary role in the clotting process. Additionally, the suffix "-cyte" implies that these cells have a nucleus, which is not the case for platelets. Therefore, the term "thrombocyte" is technically inappropriate for platelets.

Question 14

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood?
A: Always has Rh (anti-D)antibodies
B: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D)antibodies be present
C: Always has Rh (D)antigen
D: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D)antigen be present
E: Is inherited independent of the ABO group

Accepted Answer

Rh negative blood does not have the Rh (D) antigen and only develops Rh (anti-D) antibodies under certain conditions, such as exposure to Rh positive blood. The Rh factor is inherited independently of the ABO blood group.

Question 15

Congenital hemolytic anemia is

Accepted Answer

Congenital hemolytic anemia is characterized by the destruction of erythrocytes at a faster rate than normal. This can be caused by various genetic disorders, such as sickle cell anemia or hereditary spherocytosis, that affect the shape or function of red blood cells leading to their premature destruction.

Question 16

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination occurs when the donor's blood type antigens are incompatible with the recipient's antibodies. In choice E, the donor is Type AB (having both A and B antigens) and the recipient is Type B (having anti-A antibodies), leading to a reaction against the A antigens from the donor, causing significant agglutination.

Question 17

Which are characteristic of leukocytes?
A: Smaller than erythrocytes
B: Have a nucleus
C: Have no hemoglobin
D: More numerous than erythrocytes
E: Depending on type,may or may not contain granules

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, have a nucleus, do not contain hemoglobin, and depending on the type, may or may not contain granules. They are generally larger than erythrocytes and less numerous.

Question 18

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the

Accepted Answer

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in both the liver and the spleen, where they are broken down, and their components are recycled.

Question 19

Which are characteristic of type O blood?
A: Has anti-A antibodies
B: Has anti-B antibodies
C: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes
D: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

Accepted Answer

Type O blood does not have surface antigens A or B, but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. This is because their immune system recognizes both A and B antigens as foreign, leading to the production of antibodies against them. Therefore, choice A is incorrect because type O blood does not have surface antigen A, and choice D is incorrect because it does not have surface antigen B. Choice C is incorrect because type O blood does not have surface antigens A or B, but has surface antigen O, which is present in all blood types.

Question 20

Which leukocytes are granulocytes?
A: Neutrophils
B: Eosinophils
C: Lymphocytes
D: Monocytes
E: Basophils
F: Erythrocytes

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes, which are a type of white blood cell characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm.

Quiz 21: Blood