Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE concerning nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have shown that food restriction can increase the life span of laboratory animals. However, it is important to note that this has not been conclusively proven in humans and extreme calorie restriction can be harmful. Option A is false, as there is a known correlation between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Option C is also false, as extremely low calorie diets can lead to malnutrition, reduced metabolism, and other negative health effects. Option D is partially true, as vitamin E has been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease, but only among certain populations and in moderate doses.

Question 2

Older women are more likely to have ________ but less likely to have ________ than are older men.

Accepted Answer

According to research, older women are more likely to develop visual problems such as cataracts and macular degeneration, while older men are more likely to experience hearing problems such as tinnitus and hearing loss. This is likely due to biological and hormonal differences between men and women.

Question 3

Giving nursing home patients more control over their daily schedules is:

Accepted Answer

Giving nursing home patients more control over their daily schedules can lead to increased feelings of independence, autonomy, and overall well-being. Studies have shown that residents who have more control over their schedules have better mental and physical health outcomes. Therefore, it is generally considered beneficial to provide this level of control to nursing home patients.

Question 4

Loss of bone mass is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Loss of bone mass is a common symptom of osteoporosis, which is a bone disease that weakens bones and increases the risk of fractures. Arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and arthritis are conditions that are not directly related to bone loss.

Question 5

Compared with elderly men,elderly women are less likely to have:

Accepted Answer

Elderly women are more likely to have hearing problems compared to elderly men. Studies have shown that age-related hearing loss is more prevalent in women than in men due to hormonal changes and menopause.

Question 6

The idea of very old adults having no sex life is:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that sexual ability is usually maintained throughout life, and while physical impairments may occur, there are various ways to have a satisfying sex life. While sexual interest may decrease with age for some individuals, others continue to express an interest in sexual activity. Additionally, sexual sensitivity may not necessarily increase, but it can remain stable or slowly decrease over time.

Question 7

Experts are recommending strength training for older adults because such training:

Accepted Answer

Strength training for older adults is recommended to increase muscle mass. Aging naturally causes a loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, which can lead to a decline in quality of life, limitation on leisure activities, and loss of independence. Strength training has been shown to be effective in reversing or slowing down this process by increasing muscle mass and strength, improving balance and coordination, and decreasing the risk of falls and injuries. While strength training may also have some benefits for physical appearance and cardiovascular fitness, the primary reason for recommending it to older adults is to help them maintain or improve their muscle mass and function. Hormone production may also be affected by strength training, but this is not a primary consideration for recommending it.

Question 8

When doctors treat patients for arthritis,they know that:

Accepted Answer

Currently, there is no cure for arthritis. While medications, diet, exercise, and other treatments can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease, there is no known cure.

Question 9

Amelia,an older adult,says,"My granddaughter just bought me a set of hand weights,of all things! She says I ought to go check with my doctor,then start lifting weights! I told her she ought to start seeing a shrink!" Amelia should:

Accepted Answer

Weight lifting can be beneficial for older adults to maintain muscle mass, bone density, and overall fitness. However, it should be done under a doctor's supervision to ensure safety and appropriateness for the individual's health condition.

Question 10

Rodin and Langer (1977)conducted a controlled study in which one group of nursing-home patients was given increased control over daily routines and other responsibilities and another group was not.The main finding in this study was that the increased control:

Accepted Answer

The main finding of the study was that the increased control given to the nursing-home patients improved their lives. This suggests that giving patients more autonomy and control over their lives can have positive effects on their well-being.

Question 11

Which of the following best summarizes the relation between exercise and longevity?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that regular exercise can help improve and maintain health in older adults, which can contribute to a longer lifespan. While exercise may have physical benefits, the psychological benefits cannot be discounted, as exercise has been shown to improve mood and decrease the risk of depression in older adults. While exercise may not reverse all signs of aging, it can certainly contribute to a healthier and more vibrant life in later years. Therefore, options A and B are incorrect, and option D is only partially true.

Question 12

Life expectancy would be increased the most if ________ could be eliminated.

Accepted Answer

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and eliminating it would have the most significant impact on increasing life expectancy. According to the World Health Organization, cancer was responsible for approximately 10 million deaths in 2020 alone. By eliminating cancer, people would have a much higher chance of living longer and healthier lives. While influenza, lung disease, and kidney diseases are also significant causes of mortality, they do not cause as many deaths as cancer.

Question 13

Mrs.Hernandez has considerable pain and stiffness in her wrists,fingers,and knees.It is becoming very difficult for her to maintain her usual routines as her stiffness increases.Mrs.Hernandez has:

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Hernandez's symptoms suggest arthritis, which causes joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Arthritis is a common condition, especially in older adults, and can affect various joints in the body. Treatment options may include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Question 14

Your 90-year-old uncle complains that he cannot get around the way he used to.He has trouble getting up out of chairs and difficulty walking across the room when he does get up.Can you help him?

Accepted Answer

Exercise and physical therapy can help improve balance, strength, and mobility, which can assist in navigating daily life activities. While estrogen therapy may address bone density concerns, it may not necessarily improve mobility. Additionally, physical exercise is not known to make physical declines in old age worse.

Question 15

Although there are differences in the quality of care in nursing homes in the United States,about __________ are considered to be seriously deficient.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), about one-third of nursing homes in the United States (around 33%) are considered to be seriously deficient, meaning they have a pattern of poor quality care that has caused actual harm or has the potential to cause harm to residents.

Question 16

After age 85,about ________ of adults reside in nursing homes.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 23% of adults age 85 and over reside in nursing homes.

Question 17

Terrence is 67 years old and no longer able to work because of his health.Which condition would be most likely to cause a work disability in someone his age?

Accepted Answer

As someone ages, they become more prone to developing heart conditions. Heart conditions can significantly impact one's ability to work and can result in a work disability. While conditions like asthma, diabetes, and arthritis can also affect one's ability to work, they may not be as likely to cause a work disability as a heart condition in someone of Terrence's age.

Question 18

Tran wants to live a long and healthy life.The most important thing he can do to improve longevity is:

Accepted Answer

Quitting smoking is the most important thing Tran can do to improve longevity. Smoking has been linked to a wide array of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease. By quitting smoking, Tran can significantly reduce his risk of developing these illnesses and increase his chances of living a long, healthy life. Getting involved at church, getting married, and adopting a pet may all have positive benefits for overall health and well-being, but they are not as critical to longevity as quitting smoking.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations for preventing osteoporosis in middle-aged women?

Accepted Answer

While getting adequate sleep is important for overall health, it is not a specific recommendation for preventing osteoporosis in middle-aged women. The other options - eating foods rich in calcium, taking vitamin D supplements, and exercising regularly - are all important in promoting bone health and reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 20

A disease that starts out slowly but lasts a long time is called:

Accepted Answer

A disease that starts out slowly but lasts a long time is called chronic. Chronic diseases are characterized by their long-term manifestations and are often not curable but can be managed with treatment. Acute diseases, on the other hand, usually come on suddenly and have a short duration. Terminal diseases refer to conditions that are incurable and ultimately result in death, while pervasive refers to something that is widespread and expanding throughout a population or area but is not necessarily related to a disease.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood