Question 1

A person's knowledge about the world is called ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves general knowledge about the world, concepts, ideas, and language. It includes information about people, places, things, and other abstract concepts that are not tied to specific events or personal experiences.

Question 2

The term ________ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant to the task at hand while ignoring others that are irrelevant.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant to the task at hand while ignoring others that are irrelevant. Divided attention refers to the ability to attend to multiple tasks simultaneously. Attention deficit is a condition characterized by persistent difficulties with attention and/ or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain focus over a prolonged period of time.

Question 3

Zack is in a crowded restaurant,trying to pay attention to the waiter,who is reading off the daily lunch specials.He is having a difficult time because ________ attention declines as one ages.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention declines as one ages, making it harder for Zack to focus on the waiter amidst the background noise in the crowded restaurant.

Question 4

Although Alicia has a great memory for trivia,she has difficulty remembering important events in her life.Alicia has good ________ memory but poor ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to memories of specific events in one's life, while semantic memory refers to general knowledge and facts. Therefore, Alicia has good semantic memory (trivia) but poor episodic memory (important events in her life). Procedural memory refers to memory for how to do certain tasks, while explicit and implicit memory refer to conscious and unconscious memory, respectively. None of these options accurately reflect Alicia's situation.

Question 5

Marsha,an adult in her 70s,can expect a decline in certain types of attention but not in:

Accepted Answer

Sustained attention, or the ability to maintain attention over prolonged periods, tends to remain relatively stable with age compared to other types of attention.

Question 6

________ memory refers to facts we consciously know,and ________ memory refers to memory without conscious recollection.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to the memory of general knowledge and facts that we know consciously, whereas episodic memory refers to the memory of particular events or episodes in one's life. Working memory is a type of short-term memory that holds information temporarily in order to process it. Perceptual speed refers to the ability to perceive and process visual information quickly. Explicit memory refers to the memory of events, facts, and experiences that can be consciously recalled, while implicit memory refers to the unconscious influence of past experiences on our current behaviors or thoughts. Therefore, the best choice is D, where explicit memory refers to conscious recollection, and implicit memory refers to memory without conscious recollection.

Question 7

Shama,who is now 80 years old,will show a steady decline in:

Accepted Answer

As people age, they often experience a decline in working memory and perceptual speed, which are cognitive functions that tend to decrease with age.

Question 8

Older adults have a harder time recognizing a street sign than younger adults,because they have:

Accepted Answer

According to research, one of the reasons older adults have a harder time recognizing street signs is due to a decline in perceptual speed, which means they take longer to process visual information. This is a natural and normal part of aging, and it can make it more difficult for older adults to react quickly to changes in their environment, such as when driving or walking down the street. The other answer choices may also be factors in older adults' cognitive abilities, but they are not specifically related to difficulties with recognizing street signs.

Question 9

What is TRUE about the relationship between semantic memory and aging?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that older adults may take longer to retrieve semantic information, but they are usually able to do so. However, they may have difficulty retrieving specific details or may experience tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon where they cannot recall a word despite knowing the concept. Overall, semantic memory tends to decline less than other forms of memory with age.

Question 10

Which of the following persons is most likely to be "wise"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following persons is most...

Question 11

The retention of information about the when and where of life's happenings is called ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers specifically to the ability to remember the details of personal experiences, including the time and place they occurred. Situational memory and formative memory are not recognized terms within psychology, and historic memory typically refers to knowledge of past events on a larger scale (such as world history).

Question 12

Competently driving a car demands _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Competently driving a car demands _______.
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Question 13

Working memory is also called ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Working memory is also referred to as short-term memory because it is a temporary storage buffer for holding and manipulating information. This is distinct from long-term memory, which involves the consolidation and storage of information over a much longer period of time. Implicit memory refers to unconscious forms of learning and memory that do not require conscious awareness or deliberate effort, while semantic memory involves the storage and retrieval of general knowledge about the world.

Question 14

________ is knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits practical judgment about important matters.

Accepted Answer

Wisdom is the knowledge about practical aspects of life that helps in making practical judgments about important matters. It is not just about having knowledge, but it also involves the ability to apply that knowledge in real-life situations. Enlightenment, proficiency, and competence are related to knowledge or skills but do not necessarily imply practical judgment.

Question 15

Selective attention is _______,whereas divided attention is _______.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention involves focusing on one thing while ignoring other stimuli. Divided attention refers to the ability to focus on multiple tasks at the same time. Therefore, the best choice is C, focusing on one thing versus focusing on many things.

Question 16

Rodin and Langer (1977)conducted a controlled study in which one group of nursing-home patients was given increased control over daily routines and other responsibilities,and another group was not.One finding in the study was that:

Accepted Answer

The study found that only half as many patients in the group given more control over their daily routines and responsibilities died as compared to the group with less control. This suggests that increased control may have a positive effect on the health and well-being of nursing-home patients.

Question 17

What do Pablo Casals and Arthur Rubinstein have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both Pablo Casals and Arthur Rubinstein were renowned musicians who continued to perform and create music well into their old age, demonstrating intellectual productivity.

Question 18

Rhonda and Lewis are taking care of their elderly mother while she lives in Rhonda's home.Research on the care of the elderly shows that their mother will benefit the most if Rhonda and Lewis:

Accepted Answer

Research shows that the elderly benefit the most when their caregivers allow them to do what they can for themselves while also helping with their needs. This promotes a sense of independence and self-esteem while still receiving necessary assistance. Therefore, option C - taking care of her needs but letting her do what she can for herself - is the best choice. Options A, B, and D are not optimal as they either do not allow for enough autonomy or may create added stress and frustration for the elderly individual.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a type of attention?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 20

Which type of memory is less likely to be adversely affected by aging?

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory refers to unconscious memories that can be retrieved without conscious effort. These memories are often related to skills, habits, and behaviors that we have learned through repetition, and they are thought to be less affected by aging compared to explicit or working memory. Explicit memory, on the other hand, involves conscious effort to retrieve and remember information such as facts and events, and it is more likely to be affected by aging. Working memory refers to the ability to hold and manipulate information in the short-term, and it also tends to decline with age. Normative memory is not a recognized term in psychology.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood