Question 1

Athletes who continue to play,despite being injured,experience a reduction in pain sensitivity because of increased

Accepted Answer

Athletes who continue to play despite being injured experience an increase in sympathetic arousal, which can temporarily reduce pain sensitivity. This is known as the "fight or flight" response, and it involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, causing the release of hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline that can decrease the perception of pain.

Question 2

_____ are unmyelinated nerve fibers,involved in polymodal pain,that transmit dull,aching pain.

Accepted Answer

C-fibers are unmyelinated nerve fibers that transmit dull, aching pain and are involved in polymodal pain. A-delta fibers, on the other hand, are myelinated nerve fibers that transmit sharp, acute pain. B-fibers and A-gamma fibers are not involved in pain transmission.

Question 3

_____ refers to pain that triggers chemical reactions from tissue damage.

Accepted Answer

Polymodal nociception refers to pain that is triggered by multiple types of stimuli, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical. When tissue damage occurs, chemical reactions are released that activate the pain receptors, causing the sensation of pain. Phantom limb sensation refers to the perception of pain or other sensations in a limb that has been amputated. Thermal damage refers to tissue damage caused by extreme temperatures. Mechanical nociception refers specifically to pain caused by physical pressure or damage to tissues.

Question 4

A-delta fibers

Accepted Answer

A-delta fibers are small, myelinated fibers that transmit sharp, acute pain. They respond to mechanical and thermal pain and transmit pain signals at a faster rate than C-fibers.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about chronic pain?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that patients with chronic pain disorders have significant loss of gray matter in certain regions of the brain, indicating structural changes in the brain due to chronic pain. Choices A, C, and D are false statements.

Question 6

C-fibers

Accepted Answer

C-fibers are unmyelinated, slow-conducting fibers that transmit dull, burning, or aching pain. They also play a significant role in the affective and motivational components of pain, and can lead to emotional responses such as anxiety, depression, and fear. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 7

When acute anxiety reduces sensitivity to pain,it is known as

Accepted Answer

When anxiety or stress induces a reduction in sensitivity to pain, it is called stress-induced analgesia. This means that during times of acute anxiety or stress, a person may feel less pain due to the body's natural response to suppress pain signals.

Question 8

Which of the following is a similarity between physical pain and social pain?

Accepted Answer

Social pain and physical pain rely on the same pain-related neurocircuitry in the brain. This includes the anterior cingulate cortex and insula, which are associated with the emotional component of pain. Studies have found similar activation patterns in response to social rejection and physical pain, suggesting that these experiences are processed in similar ways by the brain.

Question 9

Why are minor pains critical for survival?

Accepted Answer

Minor pains provide low-level feedback about the functioning of our body systems. This feedback can help us avoid further injury or illness and take appropriate measures to prevent more serious problems.

Answer: D 
 Minor pains pass sensory information from the physical world to the brain. This information can help us avoid danger, navigate our environment, and respond to stimuli in appropriate ways. While other basic needs may be important, minor pains are critical for our survival and well-being.

Question 10

Which of the following is the most common reason for euthanasia?

Accepted Answer

The most common reason for euthanasia is inadequate relief from pain. This can be due to a variety of factors, including terminal illness, chronic pain, and lack of effective pain management options. Anxiety in a hospital setting, the substantial cost of treatment, and the prospect of surgery are not typically reasons for euthanasia.

Question 11

The periductal gray is a structure in the _____ that provides pain relief when stimulated.

Accepted Answer

The periductal gray is located in the midbrain and is responsible for processing and modulating pain signals. When stimulated, it can provide pain relief.

Question 12

Neurons in the periductal gray connect to the reticular formation in the medulla which makes connections with the neurons in the _____ of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The periductal gray sends signals to the reticular formation in the medulla, which in turn connects with neurons in the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Question 13

The scientific understanding of pain was originally developed by Melzack in the _____ theory of pain.

Accepted Answer

Melzack developed the gate-control theory of pain, which suggests that pain is not solely based on the physical sensations, but also on psychological and emotional factors that affect how we experience pain. The theory proposes that there is a "gate" in the spinal cord that controls the transmission of pain signals to the brain. This gate can be opened or closed by various factors, including touch, emotions, and other sensory information.

Question 14

_____ is a functional pain disorder in which there is no clear tissue damage present.

Accepted Answer

Fibromyalgia is a functional pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas known as tender points. There is no clear tissue damage present, which sets it apart from other conditions such as polymyositis, which is an inflammatory disorder that causes muscle weakness and damage. Hematomas are bruises caused by the buildup of blood outside of blood vessels, and tumefaction refers to swelling or inflammation of body tissue, neither of which match the description of fibromyalgia.

Question 15

For a medical provider,pain

Accepted Answer

Pain is indeed a by-product of a disorder and can complicate diagnosis by masking or mimicking other conditions, making it harder for medical providers to identify the underlying problem accurately.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of A-delta fibers?

Accepted Answer

A-delta fibers are a type of myelinated nerve fiber that transmit fast and sharp pain signals to the brain. They are involved in the sensory aspects of pain and are responsible for the initial sharp pain that is felt before the slower, dull ache sets in.

Question 17

_____,such as distortions in posture or gait,facial and audible expressions of distress,and avoidance of activities,arise from chronic pain.

Accepted Answer

Pain behaviors, such as distortions in posture or gait, facial and audible expressions of distress, and avoidance of activities, are outward expressions of the experience of chronic pain. These behaviors can be seen as adaptive responses to manage pain, but can also result in disability and decreased quality of life.

Question 18

_____ is a pain perception that results from a physical damage to the tissues of the body.

Accepted Answer

Mechanical nociception is pain perception that results from physical damage to the tissues of the body, such as cuts, bruises, or broken bones. It is often described as a sharp or stabbing pain. Silent nociception refers to pain perception that occurs in the absence of obvious tissue damage, while polymodal nociception involves pain perception that results from a variety of different sensory inputs, such as heat, pressure, or chemicals. Thermal damage refers specifically to pain caused by exposure to extreme heat or cold.

Question 19

Identify a true statement about pain.

Accepted Answer

Pain is a subjective experience and its interpretation is influenced by various factors such as emotions, past experiences, and cultural background. Therefore, the degree to which pain is felt and its impact on daily functioning can vary greatly from person to person.

Question 20

Which of the following is a barrier to the treatment of pain?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty faced by patients in objectively describing pain is a common barrier to the treatment of pain. Patients may struggle to describe the intensity, location, and quality of their pain, which can make it challenging for healthcare providers to determine the most appropriate treatment. This can result in inadequate pain management, leading to prolonged suffering and reduced quality of life. The development of pain questionnaires (option A) can actually help overcome this barrier by providing standardized tools to assess pain. Option B is incorrect as acute and chronic pain typically have different psychological profiles. Option D is incorrect as personality traits do not predispose a person to experience nonexistent pain.

Quiz 10: The Management of Pain and Discomfort