Question 1

The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess what type of receptor that makes them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons? A)muscarinic receptors B)nicotinic receptors C)β₁-adrenergic D)β₂-adrenergic E)β₃-adrenergic

Accepted Answer

The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess nicotinic receptors that make them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons.

Question 2

Based on your knowledge of ANS receptors,explain how beta blockers are able to manage conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on your knowledge of ANS receptors,explain...

Question 3

Increased activity of [dropdown 1] decreases heart rate.Dilation of air passageways during exercise is a result of the [dropdown 2].Vasoconstriction of salivary gland arterioles is caused by the [dropdown 3].
Dropdown choices:
parasympathetic system
sympathetic system
both parasympathetic and sympathetic system

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increased activity of [dropdown 1] decreases heart...

Question 4

Which of the following types of adrenergic receptors are only found in brown adipose tissue where their activation stimulates heat production? A)α₁-adrenergic B)α₂-adrenergic C)β₁-adrenergic D)β₂-adrenergic E)β₃-adrenergic

Accepted Answer

β3-adrenergic receptors are uniquely found in brown adipose tissue, where their activation leads to thermogenesis, or heat production.

Question 5

Which disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus?
A)Raynaud's phenomenon
B)Autonomic dysreflexia
C)Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
D)Diabetic neuropathy
E)Horner's Syndrome

Accepted Answer

Diabetic neuropathy is a type of neuropathy that is often caused by long-term diabetes mellitus. It can affect the sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves and can lead to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and nerve pain.

Question 6

One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated.The effectors in somatic reflexes are _____,while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _____.
A)skeletal muscles;smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glands
B)striated muscles;smooth muscle and glands
C)skeletal muscles and glands;smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
D)glands;skeletal muscles,smooth muscle,and cardiac muscle
E)smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glands;skeletal muscles

Accepted Answer

Somatic reflexes activate skeletal muscles, while autonomic reflexes activate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Question 7

Which the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS?
A)cerebrum
B)cerebellulum
C)thalamus
D)hypothalamus
E)pituitary

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is the major control and integration center of the ANS. It regulates many functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep. It also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. The other regions listed do not have the same level of control and integration over the ANS.

Question 8

___ is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs in most individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6.
A)Raynaud's phenomenon
B)Autonomic dysreflexia
C)Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
D)Diabetic neuropathy
E)Horner's Syndrome

Accepted Answer

Autonomic dysreflexia is a medical emergency that can occur in individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6. It is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, leading to symptoms such as severe hypertension, headache, sweating, flushing, and bradycardia. It is caused by a noxious stimulus below the level of injury that triggers the reflex arc, resulting in uncontrolled sympathetic outflow. Treatment involves identifying and removing the trigger, if possible, and medical management of blood pressure.

Question 9

Which of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the "fight-or-flight" response?
A)Gastric motility and secretory activity increases.
B)Blood vessels serving skeletal muscles constrict.
C)Adipose tissues stores away triglycerides for later use.
D)The pupils of the eyes dilate.
E)Blood vessels serving the kidneys and digestive organs dilate.

Accepted Answer

The dilation of pupils is a common response during the "fight-or-flight" response, allowing for increased visual acuity and improved peripheral vision. A, B, and E are incorrect because gastric motility and secretory activity actually decrease, blood vessels serving skeletal muscles dilate (not constrict), and blood vessels serving the kidneys and digestive organs constrict (not dilate) during the "fight-or-flight" response. C is incorrect because adipose tissue releases triglycerides for energy use, not stores them away.

Question 10

If a doctor administers atropine IV,a muscarinic antagonist,followed by a high dose of ACh,you still see an increase in heart rate.Where is the ACh acting?
A)Nicotinic receptors of the postganglionic sympathetic neuron causing NE release to the heart,increasing heartrate.
B)Nicotinic receptors of the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron causing ACh release to the heart,increasing heartrate
C)Nicotinic receptors of the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron preventing ACh release to the heart,increasing heartrate
D)Muscarinic receptors of the postganglionic sympathetic neuron causing NE release to the heart,increasing heartrate.

Accepted Answer

Atropine blocks the binding of ACh to muscarinic receptors, which is the main receptor responsible for slowing down heart rate in the parasympathetic nervous system. By blocking this receptor, atropine allows the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart rate through the release of norepinephrine (NE). The high dose of ACh given after atropine administration would still bind to nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic sympathetic neurons, causing the release of NE to the heart and thereby increasing heart rate.

Question 11

In order for sympathetic preganglionic axons to reach prevertebral (collateral)ganglia,they must travel through
A)White rami communicantes
B)Gray rami communicantes
C)Splanchnic nerve
D)Terminal ganglia
E)Cephalic periarterial nerves

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach prevertebral (collateral)ganglia through splanchnic nerves.

Question 12

Thoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS?
A)Parasympathetic nervous system
B)Sympathetic nervous system
C)Somatic nervous system
D)Peripheral nervous system
E)Central nervous system

Accepted Answer

Thoracolumbar is a term used to describe the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for activating the body's "fight or flight" response. This division of the ANS originates from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Question 13

Where do the structures labeled 1 and 3 in the diagram meet?

A)paravertebral ganglia
B)prevertebral ganglia
C)terminal ganglia
D)trunk ganglia
E)chain ganglia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where do the structures labeled 1 and...

Question 14

Dilation of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 1] and constriction of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 2]. ?₁-adrenergic ?₂-adrenergic ?₁-adrenergic ?₂-adrenergic ?₃-adrenergic nicotinic muscarinic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dilation of the pupil occurs by stimulation...

Question 15

Identify the structure labeled 3 in the diagram.

A)somatic motor neuron.
B)parasympathetic preganglionic neuron.
C)parasympathetic postganglionic neuron.
D)sympathetic preganglionic neuron.
E)sympathetic postganglionic neuron

Accepted Answer

The structure labeled 3 in the diagram is a parasympathetic postganglionic neuron. This is because it is located after the ganglion (structure labeled 2), indicating that it is a postganglionic neuron, and it is part of the parasympathetic nervous system (as opposed to the sympathetic nervous system, which would have a sympathetic postganglionic neuron at this location).

Question 16

Which neuron is most likely to be adrenergic?
A)Sympathetic preganglionic
B)Sympathetic postganglionic
C)Parasympathetic preganglionic
D)Parasympathetic postganglionic
E)Both Sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic

Accepted Answer

Adrenergic neurons release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which is commonly associated with the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, the sympathethic postganglionic neurons are most likely to be adrenergic.

Question 17

When acetylcholine binds to [dropdown 1] receptors on postganglionic neurons or chromaffin cells it is always [dropdown 2]. Dropdown 1 choices: muscarinic receptors nicotinic receptors ?₁-adrenergic ?₂-adrenergic ?₃-adrenergic Dropdown 2 choices: Inhibitory Excitatory

Accepted Answer

The answer of When acetylcholine binds to [dropdown 1] receptors...

Question 18

Beta blockers are used to
A)prevent a rise in heart rate.
B)prevent a drop in heart rate.
C)dilate pupils.
D)prevent sweating .
E)decrease dry eye syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Beta blockers are used to
A)prevent a rise...

Question 19

Which disorder involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation,injury or disease?
A)Raynaud's phenomenon
B)Autonomic dysreflexia
C)Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
D)Diabetic neuropathy
E)Horner's Syndrome

Accepted Answer

Horner's Syndrome involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation, injury, or disease. It is characterized by drooping eyelids, constricted pupils, and decreased sweating on one side of the face.

Question 20

Which of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation?
A)receptor - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - effector
B)receptor - motor neuron - integrating center - sensory neuron - effector
C)effector - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - receptor
D)integrating center - receptor - sensory neuron - motor neuron - effector
E)receptor - sensory neuron - motor neuron - effector - integrating center

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence of activation in an autonomic reflex arc is receptor - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - effector. This sequence describes how the information from the receptor travels through the sensory neuron to the integrating center, which then sends a response through the motor neuron to the effector organ. Option A matches this sequence.

Quiz 15: The Autonomic Nervous System

The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess what type of receptor that makes them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Based on your knowledge of ANS receptors,explain how beta blockers are able to manage conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Which of the following types of adrenergic receptors are only found in brown adipose tissue where their activation stimulates heat production?

Which disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus?

One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated.The effectors in somatic reflexes are _,while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _.

Which the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS?

___ is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs in most individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6.

Which of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the "fight-or-flight" response?

If a doctor administers atropine IV,a muscarinic antagonist,followed by a high dose of ACh,you still see an increase in heart rate.Where is the ACh acting?

In order for sympathetic preganglionic axons to reach prevertebral (collateral) ganglia,they must travel through

Thoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS?

Where do the structures labeled 1 and 3 in the diagram meet?

Dilation of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 1] and constriction of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 2]. ?₁-adrenergic ?₂-adrenergic ?₁-adrenergic ?₂-adrenergic ?₃-adrenergic nicotinic muscarinic

Identify the structure labeled 3 in the diagram.

Which neuron is most likely to be adrenergic?

When acetylcholine binds to [dropdown 1] receptors on postganglionic neurons or chromaffin cells it is always [dropdown 2]. Dropdown 1 choices: muscarinic receptors nicotinic receptors ?₁-adrenergic ?₂-adrenergic ?₃-adrenergic Dropdown 2 choices: Inhibitory Excitatory

Beta blockers are used to

Which disorder involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation,injury or disease?

Which of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation?

Quiz 15: The Autonomic Nervous System

The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess what type of receptor that makes them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Based on your knowledge of ANS receptors,explain how beta blockers are able to manage conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Which of the following types of adrenergic receptors are only found in brown adipose tissue where their activation stimulates heat production?

Which disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus?

One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated.The effectors in somatic reflexes are _____,while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _____.

Which the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS?

___ is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs in most individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6.

Which of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the "fight-or-flight" response?

If a doctor administers atropine IV,a muscarinic antagonist,followed by a high dose of ACh,you still see an increase in heart rate.Where is the ACh acting?

In order for sympathetic preganglionic axons to reach prevertebral (collateral) ganglia,they must travel through

Thoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS?

Where do the structures labeled 1 and 3 in the diagram meet?

Dilation of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 1] and constriction of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 2]. ?1-adrenergic ?2-adrenergic ?1-adrenergic ?2-adrenergic ?3-adrenergic nicotinic muscarinic

Identify the structure labeled 3 in the diagram.

Which neuron is most likely to be adrenergic?

When acetylcholine binds to [dropdown 1] receptors on postganglionic neurons or chromaffin cells it is always [dropdown 2]. Dropdown 1 choices: muscarinic receptors nicotinic receptors ?1-adrenergic ?2-adrenergic ?3-adrenergic Dropdown 2 choices: Inhibitory Excitatory

Beta blockers are used to

Which disorder involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation,injury or disease?

Which of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation?

One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated.The effectors in somatic reflexes are _,while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _.

Dilation of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 1] and constriction of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 2]. ?₁-adrenergic ?₂-adrenergic ?₁-adrenergic ?₂-adrenergic ?₃-adrenergic nicotinic muscarinic

When acetylcholine binds to [dropdown 1] receptors on postganglionic neurons or chromaffin cells it is always [dropdown 2]. Dropdown 1 choices: muscarinic receptors nicotinic receptors ?₁-adrenergic ?₂-adrenergic ?₃-adrenergic Dropdown 2 choices: Inhibitory Excitatory