Question 1

Which of the following food combinations would ensure adequate intakes of thiamin without too many calories?

Accepted Answer

Small pork chop and green peas are good sources of thiamin and low in calories, while watermelon adds a refreshing sweetness without adding too many extra calories.

Question 2

Women taking vitamin supplements over several years to help with PMS symptoms developed problems with numbness in their hands and feet and were then unable to walk. Which vitamin in the supplement was most likely to cause the symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) toxicity can lead to neurological symptoms such as numbness in the hands and feet and difficulty walking due to nerve damage.

Question 3

Which of the following would be most likely to develop pellagra?

Accepted Answer

Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) and/or tryptophan, which can be found in high amounts in animal products but not in corn (the dietary staple of choice for option B). Option A and C both have potential sources of niacin and/or tryptophan in their diets.

Question 4

Ingredients: Whole-grain wheat, sugar, corn syrup, salt, monoglycerides, annatto extract color. BHT added to preserve freshness.
Vitamins and minerals: Calcium carbonate, vitamin C (sodium ascorbate), zinc and iron (mineral nutrients), vitamin E acetate, a B vitamin (niacinamide), a B vitamin (calcium pantothenate), vitamin BS1U1B16S1U1B0 (pyridoxine hydrochloride), vitamin BS1U1B12S1U1B0 (riboflavin), vitamin BS1U1B11S1U1B0 (thiamin mononitrate), a B vitamin (folic acid), vitamin A (palmitate), vitamin BS1U1B112S1U1B0, vitamin DS1U1B13S1U1B0.
Contains wheat; may contain almond ingredients.
-A woman who has been following a vegan diet and now has become pregnant most likely needs _____ supplements.

Accepted Answer

Since the ingredients listed do not include any animal products, it appears that this cereal is vegan-friendly. However, pregnant women who follow a vegan diet should pay special attention to their intake of certain nutrients, including vitamin B12 and vitamin D, which are primarily found in animal-based products. Therefore, the best choice(s) would be option B, which includes vitamin B₁₂ (which is a form of vitamin B12) and vitamin D.

Question 5

An elderly woman has had difficulty with digesting her foods because of reduced stomach acid, has had progressively worse nerve pain in her legs, and is now having difficulty walking. Her physician suspects she may have a deficiency of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to reduced stomach acid, nerve pain, and difficulty walking due to its role in nerve function and red blood cell production.

Question 6

Because this cereal has been made using whole-grain wheat:

Accepted Answer

Whole-grain wheat contains more nutrients, including B vitamins, than refined wheat. Therefore, a cereal made with whole-grain wheat will require less fortification to reach 100% of the daily value for these nutrients.

Question 7

All enriched grain products in the U.S. now have folic acid added to them because:

Accepted Answer

The addition of folic acid to enriched grain products is primarily to address the inadequate intake of this nutrient among young women of childbearing age. This is because folate is essential for fetal brain and spine development, and many pregnancies are unintended, with women not taking adequate folic acid supplements or consuming enough folate-rich foods. Therefore, adding folic acid to enriched grain products, which are commonly consumed by this population, can help ensure adequate intake and reduce the risk of birth defects. The other choices are not accurate.

Question 8

If a person does need to take a vitamin supplement, it is best for them to select a product that:

Accepted Answer

It is best to choose a vitamin supplement that has a balance of the essential vitamins one needs, without too many added ingredients. This ensures that the person is getting the necessary nutrients without any potential harmful additives. It is also important to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

Question 9

People whose diets are rich in vegetables and fruits have low rates of:

Accepted Answer

Several studies have shown that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of cancer. This may be due to the presence of various vitamins, minerals, and compounds, such as antioxidants, that have protective effects against cancer.

Question 10

Current recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes are for us to consume a variety from each category on a daily basis. The two vitamins that are abundant in leafy greens and citrus fruits, as well as other fruits and vegetables, are:

Accepted Answer

Leafy greens and citrus fruits are rich in folate and vitamin C, which are essential vitamins found in a variety of fruits and vegetables.

Question 11

Research regarding the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce risk of chronic diseases has shown that:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that beta-carotene supplement use increases lung cancer risk in smokers. It is important to note that not all supplements sold in this country are safe, and that one must be careful when considering taking vitamin supplements.

Question 12

Antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include:

Accepted Answer

Both vitamin E and vitamin C are well known antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, plays a role in energy metabolism but is not directly involved in antioxidant activity. Therefore, the best choice is E as it includes both vitamin E and C as effective antioxidant nutrients.

Question 13

The USP symbol on the label of a vitamin supplement means that:

Accepted Answer

The USP symbol indicates that the supplement contains the ingredients as listed on the label (A) and that it will dissolve in the digestive tract (C). It does not guarantee effectiveness (B).

Question 14

To prevent neural tube defects in the U.S., the FDA instituted a fortification program for all grain and cereal products in conjunction with public health programs. Which vitamin was added to these foods?

Accepted Answer

The vitamin added was folate, also known as folic acid. This program began in 1998 and has been successful in reducing the incidence of neural tube defects in infants.

Question 15

You recommend that your friend not take stress formula vitamin C supplements because:

Accepted Answer

The amount of vitamin C needed during times of stress can easily be obtained through a healthy diet including generous servings of fruits and vegetables. Taking additional stress formula supplements may not be necessary and could even be a waste of money. The other options (A, B, and C) are not accurate reasons for recommending against stress formula vitamin C supplements.

Question 16

This cereal product has a claim on the package front that it provides 100% of nine vitamins. What would be a result of eating this cereal every morning?

Accepted Answer

Eating this cereal every morning would provide a good source of those nine vitamins, but it does not necessarily guarantee that you will not have any deficiencies of those vitamins. It is always important to consume a balanced diet and not rely solely on one food product for all of your vitamin intake. Option C is not likely unless the individual is taking excessive amounts of additional vitamin supplements. Option D is not a known outcome.

Question 17

Ingredients: Whole-grain wheat, sugar, corn syrup, salt, monoglycerides, annatto extract color. BHT added to preserve freshness.
Vitamins and minerals: Calcium carbonate, vitamin C (sodium ascorbate), zinc and iron (mineral nutrients), vitamin E acetate, a B vitamin (niacinamide), a B vitamin (calcium pantothenate), vitamin BS1U1B16S1U1B0 (pyridoxine hydrochloride), vitamin BS1U1B12S1U1B0 (riboflavin), vitamin BS1U1B11S1U1B0 (thiamin mononitrate), a B vitamin (folic acid), vitamin A (palmitate), vitamin BS1U1B112S1U1B0, vitamin DS1U1B13S1U1B0.
Contains wheat; may contain almond ingredients.
-What can you determine from the Nutrition Facts label about the vitamin D content of this cereal?

Accepted Answer

The cereal itself may not be a high source of vitamin D, but when combined with milk, which often contains added vitamin D, it can become a moderate source.

Question 18

What does the Nutrition Facts label tell you about the vitamin C content of this cereal?

Accepted Answer

The Nutrition Facts label suggests that vitamin C has been added to the cereal, likely because whole grains are not a significant source of vitamin C. None of the other options are supported by the label.

Question 19

Ingredients: Whole-grain wheat, sugar, corn syrup, salt, monoglycerides, annatto extract color. BHT added to preserve freshness.
Vitamins and minerals: Calcium carbonate, vitamin C (sodium ascorbate), zinc and iron (mineral nutrients), vitamin E acetate, a B vitamin (niacinamide), a B vitamin (calcium pantothenate), vitamin BS1U1B16S1U1B0 (pyridoxine hydrochloride), vitamin BS1U1B12S1U1B0 (riboflavin), vitamin BS1U1B11S1U1B0 (thiamin mononitrate), a B vitamin (folic acid), vitamin A (palmitate), vitamin BS1U1B112S1U1B0, vitamin DS1U1B13S1U1B0.
Contains wheat; may contain almond ingredients.
-What can you determine from the Nutrition Facts label about the vitamin A content of this cereal?

Accepted Answer

The Nutrition Facts label mentions that this cereal contains vitamin A in the form of palmitate. While it does not give a specific amount, the fact that it is listed indicates that it is present in the cereal. Milk added to the cereal may contribute some additional vitamin A, but it is not stated on this label.

Question 20

Ingredients: Whole-grain wheat, sugar, corn syrup, salt, monoglycerides, annatto extract color. BHT added to preserve freshness.
Vitamins and minerals: Calcium carbonate, vitamin C (sodium ascorbate), zinc and iron (mineral nutrients), vitamin E acetate, a B vitamin (niacinamide), a B vitamin (calcium pantothenate), vitamin BS1U1B16S1U1B0 (pyridoxine hydrochloride), vitamin BS1U1B12S1U1B0 (riboflavin), vitamin BS1U1B11S1U1B0 (thiamin mononitrate), a B vitamin (folic acid), vitamin A (palmitate), vitamin BS1U1B112S1U1B0, vitamin DS1U1B13S1U1B0.
Contains wheat; may contain almond ingredients.
-A manufacturer's website claims their heart health supplement is an alternative to prescription lipid-lowering drugs. This dietary supplement _____.

Accepted Answer

Dietary supplements are not as strictly regulated as prescription drugs, and there have been instances where supplements were found to be contaminated with drugs.

Quiz 7: The Vitamins