Question 1

Waist circumference reflects the degree of _____ in proportion to body fatness.

Accepted Answer

Waist circumference is used as a measure of visceral fatness, as opposed to subcutaneous fat, since visceral fat has been associated with increased health risks such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. It is not a direct measurement of total body fatness or gynoid obesity.

Question 2

A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates:

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 is classified as overweight in adults, indicating an increased risk for health issues such as heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic conditions.

Question 3

The set-point theory states that the body's regulatory controls will maintain body weight over time and resist efforts to lose weight by dieting.

Accepted Answer

The set-point theory postulates that the body has a predetermined weight range or set point that it maintains through regulatory controls. These controls consist of various physiological and behavioral mechanisms that work together to resist changes in weight, including decreased resting metabolic rate, increased hunger and food cravings, and reduced energy expenditure. Therefore, when a person tries to lose weight through dieting, the body may resist by increasing hunger, decreasing metabolism, and reducing energy levels, making weight loss difficult.

Question 4

Women in their reproductive years are likely to carry more intraabdominal fat than are women past menopause.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Women in their reproductive years are likely...

Question 5

Excess fat _____ represents a greater risk to health than excess fat elsewhere on the body.

Accepted Answer

Excess fat that is deep within the abdomen (visceral fat) is more dangerous than fat under the skin around the hips (subcutaneous fat). Visceral fat is associated with a higher risk of health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers.

Question 6

The DRI Committee recommends at least 130 grams of carbohydrate a day.

Accepted Answer

The DRI Committee recommends at least 130 grams of carbohydrate a day for adults to meet their minimum daily energy needs.

Question 7

Excess body fatness is associated with an increased risk of:

Accepted Answer

Excess body fatness is associated with an increased risk of some cancers and gallbladder disease. While it is also associated with diverticular disease, this risk is not as strongly established as the other two. Therefore, option D (a and b) is the most appropriate answer.

Question 8

Leptin is a hormone produced by the body to stimulate the appetite and encourage eating.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is actually a hormone produced by fat cells to help regulate body weight and metabolism. It works to signal to the brain when the body has enough energy stores and suppress appetite.

Question 9

All of the following are risks from being underweight except:

Accepted Answer

Being underweight is often associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular problems. The other options are potential risks of being underweight.

Question 10

Eating certain foods can elevate the basal metabolic rate, and thus promote weight loss.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eating certain foods can elevate the basal...

Question 11

Physical activity must be long and arduous to achieve fat loss.

Accepted Answer

Physical activity can help with fat loss but it doesn't necessarily have to be long and arduous. Shorter, high-intensity workouts can also be effective in reducing body fat. Consistency with physical activity and a healthy diet are key factors in achieving fat loss.

Question 12

Society plays a role in eating disorders because the associated behaviors are almost unknown in cultures where self-worth is unrelated to body leanness.

Accepted Answer

Eating disorders are more prevalent in cultures that place a high value on thinness and physical appearance. In societies where self-worth is based on other factors such as family or community ties, attainment of education, or spiritual beliefs, the behaviors associated with eating disorders are less common. Therefore, society plays a role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders.

Question 13

No single body composition or weight suits everyone; needs vary by gender, lifestyle, and stage of life.

Accepted Answer

Body composition and weight needs vary depending on factors such as gender, lifestyle, and stage of life, meaning that there is no universal ideal body composition or weight that applies to everyone. Therefore, it is important to assess individual needs and goals when considering body composition and weight management.

Question 14

Bulimia is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa and is more common in women than men.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, bulimia is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa and affects 1-2% of the population. It is also more common in women than men, with women being five times more likely than men to develop bulimia.

Question 15

The BMI is very valuable in helping athletes determine their health risks.

Accepted Answer

The BMI may not be accurate for athletes as it does not take into account muscle mass, which may result in an overestimation of body fat percentage and a false assessment of health risks.

Question 16

For someone with at least one obese parent, the chance of becoming obese is estimated to be between 30 and 70 percent.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that having at least one obese parent increases an individual's risk of becoming obese, with estimates ranging between 30 and 70 percent.

Question 17

Waist circumference indicates visceral fatness, and above a certain girth, disease risks rise.

Accepted Answer

Waist circumference is a measure of visceral fatness, or the fat that surrounds the organs in the abdomen. When waist circumference exceeds a certain threshold, the risk for diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers increases. Therefore, it is important to monitor and maintain a healthy waist circumference as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Question 18

Taller people need proportionately more energy than shorter people to balance their energy budgets.

Accepted Answer

Taller people have more body mass, which requires more energy for basic functioning such as breathing, circulating blood, and regulating body temperature. Therefore, they need proportionately more energy to maintain energy balance.

Question 19

High-protein, low-carbohydrate diets have been shown to be much more effective than other plans in promoting successful weight loss.
Controversy 9 True/False Items

Accepted Answer

While high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets can be effective for weight loss, studies show that they are not significantly more effective than other balanced diet plans in the long term.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a result of obesity?

Accepted Answer

Obesity is linked with an increased risk of many health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancers. However, it is not known to increase the risk of osteoporosis. In fact, some studies suggest that obesity may actually have a protective effect on bone density due to the mechanical stress of carrying extra weight.

Quiz 9: Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight