Question 1

The major role that the hormone ghrelin plays in eating is to:

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is referred to as the "hunger hormone" because it signals the body to eat when the stomach is empty. Ghrelin levels increase before meals and decrease after eating.

Question 2

The best advice for planning a daily meal pattern for successful weight loss is to:

Accepted Answer

Eating regular meals throughout the day helps to stabilize blood sugar levels, prevent overeating, and keep metabolism running efficiently, all of which are important for successful weight loss. Avoiding snacks completely or only having one large meal a day can lead to overeating or undereating, which can disrupt weight loss efforts. Skipping breakfast can also lead to overeating later in the day.

Question 3

All of the following are recommendations for physical activity to maintain a healthy body weight except:

Accepted Answer

Option B is incorrect as both aerobic and resistance training can be beneficial for weight loss. All the other options are correct.

Question 4

How has physical activity played a role in weight trends in the U.S. recently?

Accepted Answer

Sedentary activities, such as watching television and using computers, have become increasingly popular and prevalent in recent years. This shift away from outdoor play and physical activity has contributed to the trend of increasing rates of overweight and obesity in the U.S. Passive exercise with machines, as mentioned in answer choice D, is not a significant factor in weight trends compared to the overall decrease in physical activity. Answer choice A is inaccurate, as physical activity levels have not dramatically increased, and answer choice B is too narrow and doesn't address the larger trend.

Question 5

Recommendations for planning a diet for weight loss include the following:

Accepted Answer

Restricting daily intake to 800 calories can be dangerous and unsustainable in the long term. Eliminating all fats is not recommended as some fat is necessary for optimal health. Increasing meat portions may lead to a higher intake of saturated fats and can be harmful to heart health. Reducing calories based on current BMI is the most appropriate choice as it takes into account individual needs and goals for weight loss.

Question 6

A woman weighs 210 pounds and is 65 inches tall. Calculate her BMI.

Accepted Answer

BMI is calculated as weight in pounds divided by height in inches squared, multiplied by 703. For this woman, BMI = (210 / (65^2)) * 703 = 35.

Question 7

How could Mayor Pair change the built environment in his town to help promote the healthy weight status of its residents?

Accepted Answer

Adding bike lanes to busy roads can encourage more physical activity and provide a safe way for residents to cycle. This contributes to promoting healthy weight status by encouraging physical activity. Inviting a fitness center chain may also help, but it may not be accessible to all residents due to cost, location, or other factors. Limiting the height of new buildings or preventing homes and businesses from being built close together may not directly promote healthy weight status.

Question 8

Johnnie's father is 5' 11" tall and weighs 165 pounds, while his mother weighs 164 pounds and is 5' 2" tall. Johnnie's chances of becoming obese are at least _____ percent.

Accepted Answer

Johnnie's chances of becoming obese are at least 30 percent because having one or both parents who are obese or overweight increases the likelihood of obesity in children due to genetic and environmental factors.

Question 9

Which individual's activity had the highest calorie cost?

Accepted Answer

Sara's activity had the highest calorie cost: 145 lb * 0.062 cal/lb/min * 35 min = 314.9 calories.

Question 10

An effective method for losing weight would be to:

Accepted Answer

Keeping records of food intake and exercise is important to identify trends and make adjustments to achieve weight loss goals. Starting with a very low calorie level may cause health issues and rebound weight gain, and using pre-designed menu plans may not be sustainable in the long-term. Choosing a long-term goal is important but it should be realistic and achievable.

Question 11

Which of the following foods has the greatest energy density?

Accepted Answer

Vanilla ice cream has a high energy density of 3.97 calories per gram, which is the highest among the listed options. The other options have lower energy densities with baby carrots being the lowest at 0.43 calories per gram.

Question 12

What would be the safest way for a person living in the inner city to get exercise?

Accepted Answer

Using exercise DVDs at home minimizes exposure to potential urban hazards and ensures a controlled, safe environment for exercise.

Question 13

When setting a target for weight loss, an appropriate goal would be:

Accepted Answer

A reduction of body weight by 5-10% over a year's time is a realistic and achievable goal that can lead to significant health benefits. Rapid weight loss is often associated with unhealthy practices and is difficult to sustain. Reduction of BMI by at least 5 points may also be a good goal, but it depends on the individual's starting BMI and overall health. A large, long-term goal may be overwhelming and discouraging, making it harder to stay motivated and on track.

Question 14

You are weighing a team of football players and according to the BMI values they appear to be obese. Which of the following would you most likely conclude?

Accepted Answer

BMI does not differentiate between muscle and fat, so it is possible for individuals with a high amount of muscle mass to have elevated BMI values despite being healthy. Additionally, bone density can also contribute to weight. Therefore, it is possible that the football players have higher weights due to their muscle and well-mineralized bone mass rather than excess fat.

Question 15

A woman who is trying to get pregnant has a BMI of 17 and a 10 percent body fat value. What factors should she consider concerning her body composition?

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 17 indicates that this woman may be underweight, and a body fat percentage of 10 percent is also very low. Women with too-low body fat may have difficulty getting pregnant and are at increased risk for pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Therefore, this woman should consider increasing her body fat percentage through a healthy diet and exercise program before attempting to conceive.

Question 16

If a person uses fasting to lose weight, how will his or her body react?

Accepted Answer

During fasting, the body's glucose stores become depleted, so it turns to breaking down fat into ketone bodies to provide fuel for the body's energy needs. This is known as ketosis and is often the reason why people who fast lose weight, as their body is using stored fat for energy.

Question 17

You go to the movie theater after eating dinner and smell the popcorn in the concession stand. Although you are full, you start salivating and your stomach grumbles, so you buy a bag to eat during the show. This is an example of what signal for eating?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of appetite, which is the desire to eat, even when not necessarily physically hungry, triggered by sensory cues such as smell, taste, or sight of food.

Question 18

You decide to skip lunch for several weeks to lose weight and fit into a favorite outfit for a special occasion. Which of the following will probably be the greatest obstacle to the success of this plan?

Accepted Answer

Hunger is the physiological need for food, and skipping meals like lunch will likely lead to increased hunger, making it difficult to maintain the plan.

Question 19

Susie has been overweight for many years. She tends to eat when she is not really hungry and eats more food when she is angry or depressed. Which of the following could explain Susie's problem of overweight?

Accepted Answer

Susie's tendency to eat when she is not hungry and to eat more when she is emotional suggests that she may be responding to external cues, such as food advertisements, stress, or boredom, rather than internal signals of hunger and fullness.

Question 20

The best way to use physical activity to assist with weight control is to:

Accepted Answer

Daily exercise combined with a substantial calorie reduction is the most effective way to use physical activity for weight control. The goal is to create a calorie deficit, and exercise can assist in increasing energy expenditure while reducing muscle loss during weight loss. Walking for 30 minutes twice a week is not enough physical activity to create a significant impact on weight control. High-intensity exercise may burn more calories during the workout, but it can also be challenging to maintain consistently, increasing the risk of injury and burnout. Strength-building activities will improve muscle mass, but they will not necessarily lead to weight loss if calorie intake remains high.

Quiz 9: Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight