Question 1

Erica tells her friend that last night she dreamed she was asking her boss for a promotion.If Erica's friend believes in the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming,which of the following is she likely to say about the dream?

Accepted Answer

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, dreams are the result of random neural activity in the brain during sleep. This means that the dream is not likely to have a deep symbolic meaning or relate directly to Erica's desire for a promotion.

Question 2

Our sleeping-waking cycle follows a(n)__________ rhythm.

Accepted Answer

Our sleep-wake cycle follows a circadian rhythm, which is a 24-hour biological clock that regulates various physiological processes in our body, including the sleep-wake cycle.

Question 3

REM sleep is sometimes referred to as paradoxical sleep because:

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, the brain exhibits similar levels of electrical activity to that of an awake state, despite the body being in a state of deep relaxation and paralysis. This is why REM sleep is sometimes called paradoxical sleep. The other options are incorrect.

Question 4

Recently,Zane has been very tired during the day and feels like he hasn't been sleeping well.His wife mentions that he often makes a strange gasping noise several times during the night.Which sleep disorder does Zane most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Zane's symptoms indicate sleep apnea, which is characterized by episodes of interrupted breathing and gasping during sleep, leading to poor sleep quality and daytime fatigue. Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden episodes of falling asleep, while sleep-state misperception involves a person's perception of their sleep quality being different from what is actually happening. Somnambulism refers to sleepwalking, which is not consistent with the symptoms described.

Question 5

Which of the following statements supports the "preserve and protect" hypothesis of sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements supports the...

Question 6

The sleep-wake cycle is ultimately controlled by the part of the brain called the

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus, located in the hypothalamus, is a group of cells that act as the body's internal clock, regulating the sleep-wake cycle based on input from light and other environmental cues. The other options listed are not directly involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.

Question 7

Hypnosis is best thought of as:

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is best thought of as a state of increased suggestibility. In this state, individuals are more open and receptive to suggestions and can better access their subconscious mind. However, it is important to note that hypnosis cannot make individuals do anything against their will or morals, and they are still in control of their own thoughts and actions.

Question 8

Which of the following definitions accurately describes the state of coma?

Accepted Answer

Coma is defined as a state marked by a complete loss of consciousness. It is different from sleep and patients in a coma are unable to respond to stimuli.

Question 9

SCN stands for

Accepted Answer

SCN stands for suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is a small region in the brain responsible for regulating the body's circadian rhythm or internal clock.

Question 10

Affecting approximately 10% of the U.S.population,_____ is the most widely recognized sleeping problem.

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is the most widely recognized sleeping problem, affecting approximately 10% of the U.S. population. Insomnia can be characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. Sleep apnea, sleep-state misperception, and somnambulism are also sleeping disorders, but they affect a smaller percentage of the population.

Question 11

A person's subjective awareness,including thoughts,perceptions,experiences of the world,and self-awareness is called

Accepted Answer

Consciousness refers to a person's subjective experience of the world around them, including their thoughts, perceptions, and self-awareness. Intelligence, creativity, and mindfulness are related to cognitive processes, but do not specifically refer to subjective awareness.

Question 12

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located?

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is located in the hypothalamus, specifically in the anterior part of the hypothalamus, just above the optic chiasm.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about the use of hypnosis to recover memories?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that hypnosis is not an effective way to recover memories, and that it can actually create false memories. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option A is not true since while hypnosis may be harmless, it is not generally considered effective. Option B is not accurate because research has not supported the effectiveness of hypnosis in memory recovery. Option D is also not entirely true since while some courts may accept testimony obtained from a person under hypnosis, there is still debate among legal professionals about the technique's reliability.

Question 14

Repeated use of drugs over a period of time can result in a need for a higher dose to get the intended effect.This condition is known as:

Accepted Answer

Tolerance is the phenomenon where repeated use of drugs results in the body requiring a higher dose to achieve the same effect as the initial, lower dose. This can lead to increased drug use and potential harm to the individual's physical and mental health. Tolerance is a key component of substance use disorders and addiction.

Question 15

While college students may sometimes be an exception,most humans sleep at night and are awake during the day.What maintains this relationship?

Accepted Answer

The eye is responsible for relaying messages to the brain about light levels and helps to synchronize the circadian rhythms to the day-night cycle. This is why individuals tend to feel sleepy at night when it is dark and awake during the day when it is light. This relationship is maintained by the body's internal biological clock, which operates on a 24-hour cycle and is influenced by environmental cues such as light and darkness.

Question 16

Opiates create their euphoric effects by stimulating receptors for:

Accepted Answer

Opiates stimulate receptors for endorphins, which are naturally occurring opioids within the body. Opiates mimic the effects of endorphins by binding to the same receptors and producing feelings of pleasure and euphoria. Other choices are not directly related to the effects of opiates.

Question 17

What term do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings,sensations,and thoughts?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists use the term consciousness to refer to our personal awareness of our feelings, sensations, and thoughts. It is the state of being awake and aware of one's surroundings and internal sensations.

Question 18

A circadian cycle is about ______ hours long.

Accepted Answer

A circadian cycle is approximately 24 hours long, meaning it occurs once every 24 hours.

Question 19

A biological cycle,or rhythm,that is approximately 24 hours long is called a(n)___________ cycle.

Accepted Answer

A circadian cycle is a biological rhythm that lasts approximately 24 hours. Infradian rhythms last longer than 24 hours, diurnal rhythms occur during the day and ultradian rhythms last less than 24 hours.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythms are internally driven cycles that last approximately 24 hours and control many physiological and behavioral processes in living organisms, such as sleep-wake cycles and hormone production. They are not artificially invented by timekeepers, do not occur on a monthly schedule, and their timing can be influenced by changes from day to night.

Quiz 5: Consciousness