Question 1

In general,motivated behavior occurs in response to which two factors?

Accepted Answer

Motivated behavior occurs in response to both drives (such as hunger or thirst) and incentives (such as rewards or punishments). Option B is too specific and only relates to physiological needs, while option C is only one type of incentive and doesn't encompass all motivated behavior. Option D is also too specific and only relates to certain types of drives.

Question 2

Many people who have temporal lobe epilepsy describe the seizures as _____.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Rested is to tired as satiation is to

Accepted Answer

Rested is the opposite of tired, just as satiation is the opposite of hungry. "Satiation" means being fully satisfied in terms of hunger, making "hungry" its antonym.

Question 4

Motivation is best described as

Accepted Answer

Motivation is the driving force behind behavior, and it involves the physiological and psychological processes that initiate and direct behavior towards specific goals. Option A refers to the physiological needs of an organism, while option B refers to homeostasis. Option C is partially correct in that some stimuli may reduce drives, but it does not fully capture the complexity of motivation. Therefore, option D is the most accurate description of motivation.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about how humans display emotions?

Accepted Answer

While some basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, and fear may be universally recognized, different cultures have unique ways of displaying some emotions. For example, in some cultures, displaying and expressing emotions like shame or pride may be considered inappropriate or rude, while in others, it may be normalized.

Question 6

Gillian drinks a lot of coffee while studying all night.The caffeine in the coffee causes Gillian's heart to start racing and her hands to begin shaking.Suddenly,Gillian begins to feel fear and anxiety for no apparent reason.Gillian's experience is best explained by which theory of emotions?

Accepted Answer

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, physiological arousal leads to the experience of an emotion. In this case, the caffeine in Gillian's coffee caused her physical symptoms which triggered her feeling of fear and anxiety.

Question 7

Hunger and thirst are examples of

Accepted Answer

Hunger and thirst are biological states that motivate behavior to fulfill basic physiological needs. According to drive theory, these states create a drive or internal tension that motivates individuals to engage in behavior that will reduce the drive and satisfy the need. Therefore, hunger and thirst are examples of drives.

Question 8

Which of the following factors increases an individual's risk for illness,heart disease,and even cancer?

Accepted Answer

Loneliness has been shown to increase an individual's risk for various health problems, including illness, heart disease, and cancer. This may be due to the negative impact loneliness has on mental health and lifestyle behaviors such as diet and exercise. The other options (mortality salience, performance motives, and avoidance goals) do not necessarily have a direct relationship with physical health.

Question 9

Luisa is working out at a gym and her body temperature begins to rise.Tool cool itself down,her body begins to sweat.After showing however,her body temperature drops below ideal,so her body begins to shiver to warm itself up.This example illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the concept of maintaining balance or stability within the body's internal environment. In this example, Luisa's body temperature rises and then falls below ideal, leading to her body's mechanisms for cooling and then warming itself up in order to maintain homeostasis. Options A, C, and D are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 10

Alfred Kinsey is famous for being one of the first scientists to study _____.

Accepted Answer

Alfred Kinsey is most famous for his studies on human sexuality, including the Kinsey Reports, which were groundbreaking for their time in terms of discussing sexual behavior, attitudes, and practices.

Question 11

Louis practices shooting baskets after school because he doesn't want his friends to make fun of him for being bad at basketball.Louis's motivation to practice is most accurately described as driven by a(n)_____ goal.

Accepted Answer

Louis's motivation is described as avoidance because he is motivated to practice to avoid the negative outcome of being made fun of by his friends, rather than being motivated by a desire to improve his skills for personal satisfaction (mastery) or to achieve a positive outcome (approach).

Question 12

In general,what effect does the presence of other people have on the amount of food an individual eats?

Accepted Answer

The presence of others can have varying effects on how much food an individual eats, depending on the situation. In some cases, social norms or expectations may cause an individual to eat more than they would otherwise, such as during a large family dinner or a buffet-style meal where everyone is encouraged to take large portions. In other situations, being self-conscious or feeling judged by others may cause an individual to eat less, such as during a first date or in a formal business lunch setting. Research has shown that the presence of others can also affect the speed at which an individual eats and their overall satisfaction with the meal. Therefore, the answer is D, the presence of others can make people eat more or less than usual, depending on the situation.

Question 13

Gerald is trying to watch how much he eats and avoid eating junk food.According to your text,what can he do to reduce his craving for cookies when he is craving them?

Accepted Answer

Imagining visual images that have nothing to do with food is a technique called cognitive distraction, which can help reduce cravings. The other options (ignoring the cravings, standing on his head, and sticking himself with a pin) are not effective or practical ways to reduce cravings.

Question 14

The chief function of homeostasis is to

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is essentially the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body. This includes regulating things like body temperature, blood sugar levels, and fluid balance. By doing so, the body is able to function properly and respond to changes in the environment. Maintaining a steady state is the primary function of homeostasis. The other choices listed (preventing balance, regulating emotions, and controlling sexual urges) are not related to homeostasis.

Question 15

The psychology of motivation can be best summarized as the study of

Accepted Answer

The psychology of motivation is the study of the processes underlying goal-directed behavior, including the factors that influence behavior, such as rewards and punishments. It is not specifically focused on how decisions are made or the effects of the libido on behavior.

Question 16

Controlled studies of polygraph recordings indicate that they should be most accurately described as detecting _____.

Accepted Answer

Controlled studies have shown that polygraph recordings are most accurately detecting physiological arousal, rather than whether someone is lying or experiencing negative emotions. The polygraph measures changes in heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and respiration, all of which are associated with arousal. While some experts argue that lying does cause physiological arousal, there is not enough scientific evidence to support the accuracy of polygraph as a lie detector.

Question 17

Researchers have found that homosexual men tend to have a greater number of older brothers than heterosexual men.Which hypothesis has been proposed to account for this finding?

Accepted Answer

This hypothesis, known as the fraternal birth order effect, suggests that when a woman becomes pregnant with a male fetus, her body may produce antibodies that fight against male-specific proteins. These antibodies could cross the placenta and affect the fetal brain, potentially altering sexual orientation. As more male fetuses are gestated, there is a greater chance that the mother builds up these antibodies, leading to a higher likelihood of homosexuality in subsequent male offspring. This theory has been supported by several studies, though the exact mechanism behind the fraternal birth order effect is not yet fully understood.

Question 18

Saying "I'm full" at the end of a meal is a common way to let others know that you have reached the point of

Accepted Answer

Saying "I'm full" indicates that you have reached satiation, which is the point at which you feel satisfied and no longer have the drive to continue eating. Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of stable internal conditions, maximum drive refers to the highest level of motivation, and social facilitation refers to the tendency to perform better in the presence of others.

Question 19

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. This is achieved through various feedback mechanisms that regulate bodily functions such as temperature, blood pressure, and fluid balance.

Question 20

The goal of motivated behavior is often to _____________ a drive.

Accepted Answer

The goal of motivated behavior is typically to reduce a drive, such as hunger or thirst, by satisfying the underlying physiological need. Once the drive is reduced, the individual is typically no longer motivated to engage in the behavior that achieved that reduction.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion