Question 1

When people read their horoscopes,they often believe these flattering descriptions of themselves,a tendency referred to as

Accepted Answer

The answer of When people read their horoscopes,they often believe...

Question 2

According to your textbook,astrology

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that astrology has repeatedly been shown to have no scientific validity, meaning it is not a reputable source for making personal decisions.

Question 3

Even when an astrological description contains a mixture of good and bad traits,it may seem accurate because the person remembers or notices the parts of the description that backs up his or her expectations and forgets the rest. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

The situation described in the question illustrates the confirmation bias, which is the tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or expectations and ignore information that contradicts them. The person may only remember or pay attention to the parts of the astrological description that align with their expectations and forget or dismiss the rest. This can lead to the perception that the description is accurate, even if it contains contradictory or vague information. The Barnum Effect (A) refers to the tendency of people to accept vague or general statements as accurate descriptions of themselves because they apply to almost everyone. The astrologer's dilemma (C) and uncritical acceptance (D) are not relevant to the situation described.

Question 4

Graphology has been shown to be valuable for

Accepted Answer

The answer of Graphology has been shown to be valuable...

Question 5

In a comparison of pseudopsychologies and valid psychological principles,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false because pseudopsychologies can actually do harm by giving people false information or promoting harmful practices.

Question 6

Regarding the popular pseudopsychology of astrology,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that astrologers can match people with their horoscopes better than chance. Many studies have been conducted to test astrologers' ability to make accurate predictions or match people with their horoscopes, and consistently, the results have shown that astrology is not a valid or reliable way to understand or predict human behavior or events. The notion that astrologers can make accurate predictions or match people with their horoscopes is a false claim that has been debunked by scientific research.

Question 7

With respect to astrology,palmistry,and phrenology,it can be said that

Accepted Answer

All three fields, astrology, palmistry, and phrenology, are considered pseudopsychologies, meaning they lack scientific basis and have not been substantiated by empirical evidence.

Question 8

Systems,such as astrology and graphology,enjoy wide popularity because of their

Accepted Answer

Systems like astrology and graphology often lack scientific evidence to support their claims, yet they are still popular because people uncritically accept them. These systems offer promises of insights or predictions about a person's character or future, even though they are often vague and unsupported by evidence. Therefore, uncritical acceptance is the primary reason for their popularity.

Question 9

When a person remembers or notices only things that back up his or her expectations and forgets the rest,he or she is experiencing

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of confirmation bias, where the person selectively remembers or pays attention to information that confirms their preexisting beliefs or expectations while dismissing or forgetting contradictory information. The Barnum Effect refers to the tendency for people to believe vague or general statements that could apply to anyone as specifically describing them, while the astrologer's dilemma refers to the difficulty astrologers face in making specific predictions that can be tested and verified. Uncritical acceptance refers to accepting information without critically evaluating its validity or reliability.

Question 10

An elderly lady is greatly impressed by an astrologer who describes her as physically vigorous,innovative,and artistically creative.Her reaction to this flattering description is an example of

Accepted Answer

The elderly lady in this scenario is displaying uncritical acceptance, which refers to the tendency to accept information or beliefs without questioning or critically evaluating them.

Question 11

Regarding pseudopsychologies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Pseudopsychologies are not typically skeptical of their own theories and often ignore contradictions or evidence that goes against their beliefs. Instead, they tend to rely on anecdotal evidence or personal experiences to support their claims.

Question 12

Regarding the popular pseudopsychology of astrology,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have shown that there is no connection between one's astrological sign and various personal characteristics and life outcomes, such as leadership ability, physical attributes, intelligence, and career paths. There is no scientific evidence to support astrology as a reliable predictor of human behavior or events. The other options (A, C, and D) are false or unsupported by reliable evidence.

Question 13

To assess your personality,a graphologist would want to

Accepted Answer

Graphology is the study of handwriting to determine personality traits. Therefore, a graphologist would want to study the individual's handwriting in order to assess their personality. The other options, such as examining the shape of the skull or studying the palm, are not related to graphology. Recording brain waves with an EEG may be used to assess brain function, but it is not typically used to assess personality.

Question 14

Regarding graphology,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Graphology has been shown to be unreliable and lacking in scientific validity. However, it can still be used to detect some things like identifying handwriting, but it cannot accurately detect forgeries.

Question 15

In describing pseudopsychologies,it can be said that they

Accepted Answer

Pseudopsychologies are characterized by giving the appearance of science but are actually false. They lack empirical evidence and scientific support, yet they often use scientific language and seem credible to those who are not familiar with scientific methods.

Question 16

Rose is using an astrology program on her computer.By using this pseudopsychology computer program,she is trying to

Accepted Answer

Astrology is the belief that the position of the stars and planets at the time of a person's birth can influence their personality and future events. Therefore, by using an astrology program, Rose is likely trying to explain how her life is influenced by the position of the stars and planets at her birth.

Question 17

Regarding the popular pseudopsychology of astrology,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Since astrology was first set up approximately 2,500 years ago, the position of the stars has shifted due to the natural process known as the precession of the equinoxes. As a result, the original 12 signs of the zodiac no longer correspond to the same constellations in the sky, and there is now a 13th constellation (Ophiuchus) that is not traditionally included in astrology. However, most astrologers still use the original 12 sign system and do not take the precession of the equinoxes into account.

A, B, and C are all false statements. Studies have consistently shown that astrology is not a reliable or valid method of predicting personality traits, career success, relationship compatibility, or any other important outcomes. There is no scientific evidence to support the claims made by astrology advocates.

Question 18

The most popular pseudopsychology holds that the positions of the stars and planets at the time of one's birth determine personality traits and affect behavior.This pseudopsychology is called

Accepted Answer

The pseudopsychology that holds that positions of stars and planets at the time of one's birth determine personality traits and affect behavior is called astrology. Astronomy is the scientific study of stars and planets, while palmistry is the pseudoscientific belief in divination based on the lines on one's palm. Phrenology is the defunct study of personality and behavior based on the shape and size of the skull. Therefore, the best choice is B (astrology).

Question 19

Which of the following pseudopsychologies is based on a zodiac map invented several thousand years ago in an ancient civilization called Babylon?

Accepted Answer

Astrology is the pseudopsychology based on the zodiac map invented in Babylon. Graphology is the study of handwriting, palmistry claims to predict a person's future based on the lines of their hand, and phrenology is the study of the shape and size of the skull to determine personality traits.

Question 20

Jay pays $5.00 to have a personality profile made through an analysis of his handwriting.Jay has just wasted his money on the pseudopsychology known as

Accepted Answer

Graphology is a form of pseudopsychology that claims to analyze personality traits based on handwriting. However, scientific studies have shown that there is no empirical evidence to support this claim. Therefore, Jay has wasted his money on a pseudoscientific practice.

Quiz 3: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

When people read their horoscopes,they often believe these flattering descriptions of themselves,a tendency referred to as

According to your textbook,astrology

Even when an astrological description contains a mixture of good and bad traits,it may seem accurate because the person remembers or notices the parts of the description that backs up his or her expectations and forgets the rest. This illustrates

Graphology has been shown to be valuable for

In a comparison of pseudopsychologies and valid psychological principles,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding the popular pseudopsychology of astrology,which of the following statements is FALSE?

With respect to astrology,palmistry,and phrenology,it can be said that

Systems,such as astrology and graphology,enjoy wide popularity because of their

When a person remembers or notices only things that back up his or her expectations and forgets the rest,he or she is experiencing

An elderly lady is greatly impressed by an astrologer who describes her as physically vigorous,innovative,and artistically creative.Her reaction to this flattering description is an example of

Regarding pseudopsychologies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding the popular pseudopsychology of astrology,which of the following statements is TRUE?

To assess your personality,a graphologist would want to

Regarding graphology,which of the following statements is FALSE?

In describing pseudopsychologies,it can be said that they

Rose is using an astrology program on her computer.By using this pseudopsychology computer program,she is trying to

Regarding the popular pseudopsychology of astrology,which of the following statements is TRUE?

The most popular pseudopsychology holds that the positions of the stars and planets at the time of one's birth determine personality traits and affect behavior.This pseudopsychology is called

Which of the following pseudopsychologies is based on a zodiac map invented several thousand years ago in an ancient civilization called Babylon?

Jay pays $5.00 to have a personality profile made through an analysis of his handwriting.Jay has just wasted his money on the pseudopsychology known as