Question 1

Saying whatever comes to mind,even if it seems senseless,painful,or embarrassing,is part of the Freudian technique known as

Accepted Answer

Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis where the patient is encouraged to speak freely and report whatever comes to their mind, without censoring or editing their thoughts. This process is believed to reveal repressed memories or emotions that may be contributing to their current psychological issues.

Question 2

Freud's method of psychotherapy involved

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychotherapy involved three major techniques: free association, where the patient talks about whatever comes to mind; dream analysis, where the therapist helps the patient to interpret the symbolic content of their dreams; and transference, where the patient transfers their feelings towards important people in their life onto the therapist, allowing them to work through these feelings in a safe and controlled environment.

Question 3

Regarding psychoanalysis and the psychodynamic theories,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

All statements are true except for D. Psychodynamic therapies do aim to help clients gain deeper insight, but not only into their conscious thoughts, emotions, and behavior. They also focus on exploring and understanding unconscious thoughts and conflicts.

Question 4

The main goal of psychoanalysis was to

Accepted Answer

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to reduce internal conflicts that lead to emotional suffering. The therapy aims to bring unresolved, unconscious conflicts and impulses to consciousness, allowing the individual to gain insight into their behavior and emotions, and ultimately reduce their symptoms. It does not focus on ending internal dialogue, providing unconditional positive regard and empathy, or applying learning principles to change behavior.

Question 5

The purpose of free association is to

Accepted Answer

The purpose of free association is to lower defenses so that unconscious thoughts and feelings will emerge. This can help with gaining insights and understanding of underlying issues that may be hindering personal growth and development.

Question 6

Free association,dream analysis,analysis of resistance,and analysis of transference are aspects of which psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Free association, dream analysis, analysis of resistance, and analysis of transference are all techniques used in classical psychoanalysis. Gestalt therapy focuses more on helping patients become aware of their present experiences, while existential therapy emphasizes personal responsibility and choice in finding meaning in life. Rational-emotive behavioral therapy is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on changing irrational beliefs and thoughts.

Question 7

Psychodynamic therapies,of which psychoanalysis was the first,tend to

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapies, such as psychoanalysis, are known for their focus on gaining insight into unconscious thoughts and emotions that are assumed to control behavior. These therapies aim to bring these unconscious forces into conscious awareness so that they can be understood and resolved.

Question 8

The purpose of free association and dream analysis is to

Accepted Answer

The purpose of free association and dream analysis, both techniques developed by Freud in psychoanalytic therapy, is to uncover the unconscious roots of neurosis. By allowing patients to freely associate thoughts and images, and by analyzing the symbols and content of their dreams, therapists can gain access to repressed material in the unconscious mind that may be contributing to psychological distress. This is a key aspect of Freudian theory and psychoanalytic practice. Choice A - confronting irrational beliefs - is more associated with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Choice C - discovering the patient's ideal self - is not a primary goal of Freudian psychoanalysis, although it may be relevant in other therapeutic approaches. Choice D - increasing use of ego defense mechanisms - is not a desired outcome in therapy, as it suggests a lack of progress and insight.

Question 9

Which therapy tends to be more concerned with their clients changing harmful thinking patterns and less concerned with their clients gaining insight into the cause of their problems?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative or distorted thought patterns that contribute to negative emotions and behaviors, rather than exploring underlying unconscious conflicts as in psychodynamic therapy or emphasizing self-actualization as in humanistic therapy.

Question 10

A psychoanalyst who believes in the theories of Freud would see psychopathology as caused by

Accepted Answer

A psychoanalyst who believes in the theories of Freud would see psychopathology as caused by deeply hidden unconscious conflicts, which are often the result of unresolved childhood experiences or repressed thoughts and feelings. These conflicts can manifest in various ways, such as anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of mental distress. Birth trauma, bizarre dreams, and immature personal relationships may be contributing factors, but they are not considered the primary cause of psychopathology in Freudian theory.

Question 11

Aaron is asked by his therapist to relax and talk about any thoughts that come into his head,letting his thoughts move freely from one idea to the next.Aaron's therapist is using which psychoanalytic technique?

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the scenario is free association, which involves the patient speaking freely without censorship or judgment in order to gain insight into their unconscious thoughts and feelings. Options A (analysis of transference) and C (reflection) are not the techniques being used in this scenario. Option B (reciprocal inhibition) is a technique used in behavioral therapy, not psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 12

Freud called which of the following the "royal road to the unconscious" because forbidden desires and unconscious feelings were freely expressed?

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that dreams provided access to the unconscious, as they allowed for the expression of repressed material and symbolic representations of unconscious desires. He called dreams the "royal road to the unconscious."

Question 13

In which type of therapy were the analysis of resistance and transference first used?

Accepted Answer

The analysis of resistance and transference were first used in psychoanalysis, which was developed by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In psychoanalysis, the therapist helps the client explore unconscious thoughts and feelings that may be contributing to their current difficulties, and the analysis of resistance and transference are key techniques in this process.

Question 14

Which types of therapy tend to be more concerned with their clients gaining insight and less concerned with changing harmful thinking patterns?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies focus on exploring unconscious thoughts and feelings and gaining insight into the root causes of behaviors, rather than exclusively addressing harmful thinking patterns.

Question 15

Freud's theory stressed that "neurosis" and "hysteria" were caused by repressed memories,motives,and conflicts with these hidden forces remaining active in the personality and causing people to develop

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, repressed memories, motives, and conflicts can lead to the development of rigid ego-defenses and compulsive, self-defeating behavior. This can manifest as neurosis or hysteria. Learned helplessness (A), incongruence between the real self and the ideal self (C), and a loss of meaning in life (D) are not specifically emphasized in Freudian theory as direct outcomes of repressed memories and conflicts.

Question 16

Which of the following theorists believed that conflicts stemmed from instinctual drives for sex and aggression and forced people to develop rigid ego-defenses and compulsive,self-defeating behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory, which suggested that human behavior is motivated by unconscious drives, particularly the instinctual drives for sex and aggression. Conflicts between these drives and societal expectations can lead to psychological distress and the development of rigid ego-defenses and compulsive, self-defeating behaviors.

Question 17

Traditional psychoanalysis,humanistic therapies,and cognitive therapies would all be considered

Accepted Answer

All three types of therapy listed involve talking and verbal communication between the client and therapist, making them all talk-oriented approaches.

Question 18

Regarding the talk-oriented therapies,traditional psychoanalysis and the humanistic therapies are all considered to be

Accepted Answer

Traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies are both insight therapies, as the focus is on gaining insight into one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in order to promote self-awareness and personal growth. Action therapies, on the other hand, focus on changing specific behaviors and thoughts through specific techniques. Directive therapies involve the therapist giving guidance and specific instructions, while nondirective therapies involve the therapist providing support and encouragement for the client to explore their own thoughts and feelings without the therapist leading the conversation.

Question 19

Freud's theory stressed that "neurosis" and "hysteria" are caused by

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory emphasized on the idea that repressed memories, motives, and conflicts within the unconscious mind of the individual leads to neurosis and hysteria. Freud believed that unexpressed emotions, past traumatic incidents, or conflicts that are too painful to face are pushed out of the conscious mind and buried in the unconscious mind, causing psychological distress and emotional disturbances. These deep-rooted conflicts cause anxiety, depression, and other symptoms associated with neurosis and hysteria. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Question 20

Psychodynamic therapies stress the need to gain insight into the unconscious forces that control us,while the humanistic therapies focus on helping clients to

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapies emphasize self-exploration, self-awareness, and personal growth, helping clients gain deeper insight into their conscious thoughts, emotions, and behavior. This is different from psychodynamic therapies that focus on the unconscious forces that control behavior.

Quiz 66: Therapies: Humanistic and Cognitive Therapies