Question 1

Explain how each of the three main components of working memory is involved in the task of adding two 3-digit numbers in your head.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how each of the three main...

Question 2

In people with schizophrenia,the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is _______ and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is _______.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is dysfunctional in people with schizophrenia, which impairs their ability to think and reason logically, plan and execute tasks, and maintain working memory. In contrast, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is often less affected and may be relatively normal. This region is involved in emotional regulation, processing of social cues, and empathy, which can also be impaired in schizophrenia.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a problem for patients with frontal-lobe damage?

Accepted Answer

Skill learning is not typically affected by frontal-lobe damage.

Question 4

Describe the types of working-memory deficits seen in people with frontal-lobe damage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the types of working-memory deficits seen...

Question 5

Which part of the brain seems to be critical for working memory and executive control?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the prefrontal cortex is critical for working memory and executive control, which involves processes such as decision-making, planning, and goal-directed behavior. The cerebellum is more involved in motor learning and coordination, the thalamus in sensory input processing, and the hippocampus in explicit memory formation.

Question 6

One task of working memory is the manipulation of information.Give an example that demonstrates the manipulation of information in working memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One task of working memory is the...

Question 7

Explain what the word-length effect demonstrates regarding rehearsal in the phonological loop.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what the word-length effect demonstrates regarding...

Question 8

Which part of the brain seems to be involved in encoding and retrieval?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which part of the brain seems to...

Question 9

Summarize the mapping of working-memory functions onto anatomical areas in the brain.For example,indicate which cortical area is responsible for each component of Baddeley's working memory model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the mapping of working-memory functions onto...

Question 10

How did George Sperling demonstrate that the iconic memory holds a large amount of visual information?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did George Sperling demonstrate that the...

Question 11

Describe Michael Petrides's experiments that demonstrated the different functions of the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortices.According to his findings,what were these functions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Michael Petrides's experiments that demonstrated the...

Question 12

Which of the following tasks would activate the left-anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Deciding whether two words have the same meaning would activate the left-anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which is involved in semantic processing and language comprehension.

Question 13

Your text describes four cognitive functions that involve the central executive.Provide an example of an everyday task demonstrating each of these functions,and explain how each example involves the central executive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your text describes four cognitive functions that...

Question 14

People with ADHD may have deficits in the _______,which is the region associated with _______.

Accepted Answer

Research has suggested that individuals with ADHD may have deficits in the right prefrontal cortex, specifically in the areas associated with spatial attention and working memory. This can lead to difficulties with attentional control and organization, which are common symptoms of ADHD.

Question 15

Provide an example of an automatic process and an attentional process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of an automatic process...

Question 16

Describe two different types of tasks that are used to study working memory.For each one,indicate what specific aspect of working memory is primarily being tested.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two different types of tasks that...

Question 17

Explain how a dual-task paradigm (such as the one used by Brooks)can demonstrate the existence of separate memory buffers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how a dual-task paradigm (such as...

Question 18

According to Earl Miller,what is the key contribution of the prefrontal cortex to working memory? How did he test this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Earl Miller,what is the key...

Question 19

Describe what limits your ability to hold information in your short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what limits your ability to hold...

Question 20

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in the functions of which component of working memory?

Accepted Answer

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is known to be involved in the central executive function of working memory, which involves the control and coordination of cognitive processes. The phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad involve different brain areas, while transient memory is not a specific component of working memory.

Quiz 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control