Question 1

According to Erikson,the last stage of development involves the crisis of:

Accepted Answer

The last stage of development according to Erikson is ego-integrity vs. despair. This stage occurs in late adulthood and involves reflecting on one's life and coming to terms with one's successes and failures. People who successfully resolve this crisis feel a sense of satisfaction and wisdom, while those who do not may experience regret and despair.

Question 2

Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of __________.

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget's theory is specifically focused on cognitive development, which refers to the way that individuals learn and develop their mental processes, including perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and reasoning. While Piaget did acknowledge the importance of language and motor development in cognitive growth, his theory primarily deals with cognitive development.

Question 3

Erikson's intimacy vs.isolation crisis would most likely be associated with which event in the family cycle?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's intimacy vs. isolation crisis occurs during early adulthood and is often associated with marriage and commitment to a partner. Choices A and B are associated with the empty nest stage, and choice D is associated with adolescence.

Question 4

In Erikson's theory,children between the ages of 3 and 5 are concerned with the issue of _______.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, children between the ages of 3 and 5 are in the stage of initiative vs. guilt. During this stage, children become more independent and begin to take on new challenges, but may experience guilt or anxiety as they navigate new experiences and relationships with others. Autonomy vs. shame is the previous stage, while trust vs. mistrust and industry vs. inferiority come later in development.

Question 5

The period of life between roughly the ages of 10 and 20 when a person is transformed from a child to an adult is __________.

Accepted Answer

Puberty refers to the physical changes that occur during adolescence, but adolescence encompasses more than just physical changes. Menarche refers specifically to a girl's first menstrual period, which is a part of puberty. Maturation is a more general term that can refer to any type of development or growth, not necessarily limited to adolescence. Adolescence is the period of life when a child is developing into an adult, encompassing changes in not only physical growth but also cognitive, emotional, and social development.

Question 6

Holly,at age 13,is suspicious of both friends and strangers,and very cautious before trying anything new.According to Erikson,these traits were probably formed during Holly's passage through the stage of _______.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the stage of trust vs. mistrust occurs during infancy, where the child learns to trust or mistrust their caretaker. The stage of autonomy vs. doubt occurs during toddlerhood, where the child learns to assert their independence. The stage of initiative vs. guilt occurs during preschool, where the child learns to explore their environment and take on responsibility. The stage that best fits Holly's traits is trust vs. mistrust, where she may have developed a sense of mistrust towards others, leading to caution and suspicion.

Question 7

According to Piaget,which of the following is crucial to cognitive development at the sensory-motor stage?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence, or the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight, is considered crucial to cognitive development at the sensory-motor stage according to Piaget. This milestone typically occurs around 8 months of age and is an important step towards the development of more complex cognitive abilities. Egocentrism, attachment, and language also play important roles in cognitive development, but they are not specifically identified as crucial to the sensory-motor stage.

Question 8

According to Erikson,a conflict of identity vs.role confusion occurs during:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development states that during adolescence, individuals go through a period of identity vs. role confusion, where they are exploring their sense of self and trying to establish their place in society. This is a critical stage in their development and sets the stage for their future relationships and career choices.

Question 9

The mother of a young child who didn't like to drink milk was trying to coax him to drink some.Taking the glass of milk,she poured it all into a smaller cup and said,"There! Now you won't have to drink so much." She would never have fooled the child if he had not been in the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The preoperational stage is characterized by egocentrism and a lack of understanding of conservation, which means that children at this stage are easily fooled by changes in appearance or size. The mother's trick of pouring the milk into a smaller cup relies on the child's inability to understand that the amount of milk is still the same even though it looks different, which is a characteristic of the preoperational stage.

Question 10

Erik Erikson found that each stage in personality development has a particular _______.

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development states that each stage is associated with a crisis or challenge that must be resolved in order to develop a healthy personality. This crisis can be viewed as a conflict between two opposing forces, such as trust versus mistrust in infancy, identity versus role confusion in adolescence, or integrity versus despair in old age. Therefore, the best choice is A, crisis.

Question 11

The first stage of Erikson's Personality Theory is known as:

Accepted Answer

The first stage of Erikson's Personality Theory is trust vs. mistrust, in which infants learn to trust their caregivers to meet their basic needs or develop a sense of mistrust and insecurity.

Question 12

Which of the following stages is the most critical,according to Erikson?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following stages is the...

Question 13

The major turning point in most adults' lives is __________.

Accepted Answer

Having and raising children is often seen as a major turning point in adults' lives, as it can significantly impact their priorities, responsibilities, and daily routine.

Question 14

Erikson saw the major challenge of young adulthood as that of __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the major challenge of young adulthood is intimacy versus isolation, which involves forming intimate and meaningful relationships with others while also developing a sense of individual identity.

Question 15

Which of the following theorists believe that people go through stages,each of which has a "crisis" associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson believed that people go through eight stages of development, and each stage has a crisis or a conflict that must be resolved for healthy personality development.

Question 16

According to Piaget,children begin to develop concepts and the ability to think in terms of abstractions in the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that children go through four sequential stages of cognitive development: sensory-motor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The formal operational stage (which typically begins around age 11) is characterized by the development of abstract thinking, or the ability to consider hypothetical situations and scenarios. In this stage, individuals can think logically, draw conclusions from observations, make predictions about future events, and use deductive reasoning. Therefore, according to Piaget, children begin to develop concepts and the ability to think in terms of abstractions in the formal operational stage.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order for Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's four stages of cognitive development are sensory-motor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations, in that order.

Question 18

According to Piaget,the stage of cognitive development between two and seven years of age,in which the individual becomes able to use mental representations and language to describe,remember,and reason about the world,though only in an egocentric fashion,is the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's preoperational stage is between the ages of two and seven, and during this stage, children become able to use mental representations and language to describe, remember, and reason about the world, but only from their own perspective, showing egocentrism.

Question 19

According to Erikson,a sense of producing and contributing to the world is called _______.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, generativity vs. stagnation is the seventh stage of life which occurs during middle adulthood. It is when individuals seek to establish a legacy and contribute to society through nurturing the next generation, creative productivity, and caring for others. Therefore, a sense of producing and contributing to the world is called generativity.

Question 20

According to Piaget,children learn to retrace their thoughts,correct themselves,see more than one dimension to a problem,but cannot yet handle abstract concepts during the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Piaget identified four stages of cognitive development, and the ability to retrace their thoughts, correct themselves, and see more than one dimension to a problem emerge during the concrete operational stage, which occurs between the ages of 7 and 11. Children in this stage are able to understand concrete concepts and solve problems that involve physical objects and experiences, but are not yet capable of handling abstract concepts, which is the hallmark of the formal operational stage. The preoperational stage, which occurs between 2 and 7 years of age, is characterized by egocentrism and a lack of conservation skills. The sensory-motor stage, which occurs from birth to 2 years of age, is characterized by the development of object permanence and increasingly intentional behaviors.

Quiz 7: Development Across the Life Span