Question 1

Research in the field of social psychology has discovered that people tend to _____ the impact of situational forces, and this process is responsible for believing that suspects in police custody would _____ to the crime they did not commit.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

During interrogation of a suspect, openly physical brutality was _____ prior to 1930.

Accepted Answer

Prior to 1930, physical brutality was frequently used during interrogations, as there were fewer regulations and oversight regarding police conduct.

Question 3

Even though a _____ may rule that a confession is inadmissible because it was coerced, such rulings are _____.

Accepted Answer

Rulings by judges that a confession was coerced and therefore inadmissible are rare, as courts often rely on the testimony of police officers who deny any misconduct or coercion during the interrogations. Jury verdicts, on the other hand, are more commonly influenced by factors such as police coercion or misconduct, leading to the exclusion of the confession from evidence.

Question 4

Utilization of a team approach to interrogation is often referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The "good cop-bad cop" approach is a team interrogation strategy where one interrogator is harsh and the other is sympathetic, aiming to extract information by contrasting approaches.

Question 5

Daniela was _____and she waived her Miranda rights during arrest, and decided to tell the police her side of the story without waiting for an attorney. The most likely reason she did that is because she has _____.

Accepted Answer

Daniela waived her Miranda rights and spoke to the police without an attorney likely because she felt she was innocent and had nothing to hide.

Question 6

According to the textbook, police prefer a confession because:

Accepted Answer

Confessions save time because they can expedite the legal process by reducing the need for lengthy investigations and trials.

Question 7

After the publication of the Report on Lawlessness in Law Enforcement in 1931, changes in legislation resulted in the move from _____ physical abuse to _____ forms of abuse.

Accepted Answer

The report highlighted the widespread use of overt physical abuse by law enforcement officials. As a result of the report, changes in legislation were made, causing a shift towards more covert forms of abuse, such as psychological manipulation and other forms of subtle violence. Therefore, choice A is the most appropriate answer.

Question 8

A robbery suspect is apprehended and being read his Miranda rights by the police woman arresting him. The suspect is most likely to _____ his Miranda rights.

Accepted Answer

The suspect is being read his Miranda rights, which include the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. If the suspect chooses to exercise these rights, they would be refusing to answer questions or provide any information without a lawyer present. Therefore, the most likely choice is for the suspect to waive their Miranda rights, which means they are choosing to give up their right to remain silent and speak with the police without an attorney.

Question 9

Research shows that:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that it is very difficult for jurors to discount a confession, even when told it is false. This phenomenon is referred to as the "confession effect" and suggests that confessions are often viewed as strong evidence, even when there is evidence to suggest that the confession was coerced or false.

Question 10

Miranda rights are intended to notify the suspect of the following rights EXCEPT for the right to:

Accepted Answer

Miranda rights do not guarantee the right to remain in custody. In fact, it is quite the opposite - Miranda rights are meant to give suspects the right to be informed of their options and potentially avoid further custody or interrogation.

Question 11

All of the following are possible explanations for waiving the Miranda rights, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

If police are careful in explaining the Miranda rights to suspects, then it is less likely for the suspect to waive their rights. The other options are all plausible reasons for a suspect to waive their Miranda rights.

Question 12

According to studies, which form of evidence is most incriminating (likely to lead to conviction)?

Accepted Answer

Confessions are considered the most incriminating form of evidence because they directly indicate the suspect's admission of guilt, often leading to a higher likelihood of conviction.

Question 13

Research by Kassin and his colleagues has shown that even when _____ had no problem recognizing that a confession was coerced, they still voted _____ more often.

Accepted Answer

Kassin and his colleagues have shown that even when jurors could easily recognize that a confession was coerced, they still tended to vote guilty more often.

Question 14

The ultimate goal of questioning suspects is to:

Accepted Answer

The ultimate goal of questioning suspects is to elicit a confession. This is the most important objective of questioning a suspect, as it can lead to a resolution of the case and provide closure for the victims and their families. The other options may be important in the investigation, but they are not the ultimate goal of questioning a suspect.

Question 15

The tendency to attribute others' behavior to dispositional causes such as personality is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The tendency to attribute others' behavior to dispositional causes such as personality is known as the fundamental attribution error. It involves underestimating the impact of situational factors and overestimating the role of personal traits in explaining behavior.

Question 16

Michelle is in custody and being interrogated. One of the police officers is being nice and tries to empathize with her while the other one glares at her and accuses her of committing the crime because of her greed. The behavior of the police officers is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The behavior of the police officers is an example of playing "good cop-bad cop." One officer is being nice and empathetic to gain Michelle's trust while the other is accusing her of the crime, creating a sense of fear and pressure. This technique is often used to make the suspect more willing to talk and confess. The other options (providing a sense of control, convincing Michelle that there is no proof of her guilt, establishing a sense of social isolation) are not relevant to the behavior of the police officers in this scenario.

Question 17

According to research studies described in the text, mock jurors who reported that they disregarded the confession as clearly coerced were _____ likely to convict the defendant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research studies described in the...

Question 18

When a confession exists, juries _____ come back with a conviction.

Accepted Answer

When a confession exists, it is very often seen as strong evidence by jurors, leading to convictions. However, this is not always the case as false confessions and coercion can also occur.

Question 19

Hugo is interrogated alone and told repeatedly that his guilt is corroborated by both physical evidence and eyewitness accounts. This approach most likely embodies the following strategy used by police during Hugo's interrogation:

Accepted Answer

The strategy of social isolation and certainty of guilt is being employed in Hugo's interrogation. This involves separating the suspect from any potential sources of support, such as family or friends, to create a sense of disorientation and isolation. Additionally, repeatedly telling Hugo that his guilt is confirmed by physical evidence and eyewitness accounts is aimed at instilling a sense of certainty of guilt in his mind.

Question 20

Beginning in the 1960s, confessions have been generally ruled inadmissible if they resulted from the following forms of coercion EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Vague promises of leniency at sentencing are not considered coercive enough to render a confession inadmissible, unlike physical abuse, deprivation of basic needs, or explicit promises of immunity.

Quiz 2: Section 2: Interrogations and Confessions

Research in the field of social psychology has discovered that people tend to _ the impact of situational forces, and this process is responsible for believing that suspects in police custody would _ to the crime they did not commit.