Question 1

The majority of harassment cases do not make it to court. Of those that go forward to court and are litigated, only about one _____ of decisions are made in favor of the plaintiff, or the alleged victim.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that "only about one _____ of decisions are made in favor of the plaintiff, or the alleged victim." Since the options are all fractions, we can assume that the missing number is less than one. Based on the word "only," we can also eliminate D and B as they are close to or over 50%. That leaves A) tenth and C) third. Since a "tenth" seems like too small of a percentage to be likely, the best choice is C) third.

Question 2

It is often difficult to take a precise look at how much sexual harassment takes place on the job. One reason, according to the text, is that when asked about such past events, victims create reports that might be biased because of:

Accepted Answer

Victims may have distorted memories of past events, which can lead to biased reports when recalling incidents of sexual harassment.

Question 3

According to the text, legal, permissible sexual behavior in the workplace is _____ illegal sexual harassment. The cases that end up in court involve especially _____.

Accepted Answer

Legal, permissible sexual behavior is much more common than illegal sexual harassment, and court cases typically involve severe or prolonged harassment.

Question 4

Another form of harassment is when a work environment is so contentious that victims cannot carry out their job responsibilities. This type of sexual harassment is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Hostile environment harassment occurs when the work environment is so toxic and hostile that it affects the victim's ability to perform their job duties. This type of harassment can involve sexual comments, jokes, gestures, or images, and can create a pervasive and intimidating atmosphere that is difficult for the victim to navigate.

Question 5

Studies have shown that the most likely targets of harassment are:

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that young, unmarried women are the most likely targets of harassment, both in the workplace and in public spaces. While harassment can happen to anyone regardless of age, gender or other factors, research has found that women in their 20s and 30s are particularly vulnerable to unwanted advances, comments and other forms of harassment.

Question 6

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was established to enforce Title VII (Civil Rights Act of 1964). This commission states that employers have an obligation to maintain a particular work environment whereby employees are free from:

Accepted Answer

The EEOC states that employers have an obligation to maintain a work environment free from harassment, intimidation, or insult. While options A, C, and D also include types of negative behavior, they do not accurately reflect the language used by the EEOC.

Question 7

When women are victimized by other women, such harassment appears to occur only about _____ of the time.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that when women are victimized by other women, such harassment appears to occur only about 2% of the time.

Question 8

When men are victimized by harassment, the harassing behavior is more likely to come:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that in cases where men are victimized by harassment, the perpetrator is more likely to be another man rather than a woman. This is particularly true in male-dominated work environments where there is a hierarchical power structure.

Question 9

Surveys of federal employees over a period of several years found that approximately _____ of women and _____ of men claimed to have experienced sexual harassment within 2 years prior to the study.

Accepted Answer

According to the question, approximately 42% of women and 15% of men claimed to have experienced sexual harassment within 2 years prior to the study. The only option that matches this data is Choice C.

Question 10

In terms of sexual harassment, an explicit exchange, where a threat against a job or promotion is made unless the victim complies sexually, is called:

Accepted Answer

Quid pro quo harassment involves a situation where an explicit exchange occurs, where a threat against a job or promotion is made unless the victim complies sexually. This can also be considered as a form of sexual coercion.

Question 11

Two basic forms of sexual harassment at work were identified by:

Accepted Answer

Catherine MacKinnon is known for identifying the two basic forms of sexual harassment at work, which are quid pro quo harassment and hostile environment harassment.

Question 12

The sexual discrimination law is an amendment to:

Accepted Answer

The sexual discrimination law refers to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits employment discrimination based on sex, race, color, religion, and national origin.

Question 13

Courts have emphasized that employers have a responsibility to assure harassment is not part of their overall environment. This means that employers need to:

Accepted Answer

Both preventing and correcting harassment are the responsibilities of employers. They should have policies and procedures in place to prevent harassment and take prompt and appropriate action to correct any instances of harassment that do occur. Avoiding situations of conflict may not always be possible or practical, but preventing and correcting harassment should always be a priority for employers.

Question 14

When determining whether a particular behavior is offensive, a judgment needs to be made as to whether others in the same situation would have considered the environment as hostile. This standard is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

The reasonable person standard is the appropriate standard for determining whether a particular behavior is offensive. This standard considers whether a reasonable person in the same situation would have considered the behavior to be hostile or abusive.

Question 15

According to the text, older judges generally rule in favor of the _____, whereas younger judges tend to rule in favor of the _____.

Accepted Answer

The text states that older judges tend to be more conservative and favor the defendant, while younger judges are more liberal and tend to favor the plaintiff. Therefore, option B, where older judges rule in favor of the defendant and younger judges tend to rule in favor of the plaintiff, is the best choice.

Question 16

Among the military, the rate of reported harassment was about_____ for females and about _____ for males.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among the military, the rate of reported...

Question 17

The development of the sexual discrimination laws is the result of:

Accepted Answer

The inclusion of sex as a protected category in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was initially a strategy by some legislators to weaken the bill and prevent its passage, but it ultimately contributed to the development of sexual discrimination laws.

Question 18

Overall, research has shown that women are more likely than men to be the victims of sexual harassment. According to the text, women experience harassment _____ times more often than men.

Accepted Answer

According to the text, women experience harassment 3 to 4 times more often than men.

Question 19

It has been found that in jobs dominated by men, women are _____ to experience sexual harassment when compared to other working groups.

Accepted Answer

Studies and research have consistently shown that in male-dominated industries, such as construction or technology, women are more likely to experience sexual harassment than men or other working groups. This can be due to a number of factors, including a lack of women in leadership positions and a toxic culture that normalizes and condones sexual harassment.

Question 20

Unfortunately, the facts of the case are not the only things that determine the outcome. The text notes that it is often the character or perceived character of both parties that influences the outcome of a case. Making it even more complex is the personal characteristics of the judge. Among the personal characteristics of the judge that appear to make the most impact are:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unfortunately, the facts of the case are...

Quiz 15: Section 2: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment