Question 1

From age 30 to 70 years,the amount of space between the brain and the skull ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From age 30 to 70 years,the amount...

Question 2

What brain structure is responsible for planning and judgment?

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes, located in the front of the brain, are responsible for planning and judgment, as well as aspects of personality and decision-making. The other options do not have primary responsibility for these cognitive processes.

Question 3

In late adulthood,the brain shrinks and total brain mass declines,so that by age 80 years,most people have lost what percent of their peak brain mass?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In late adulthood,the brain shrinks and total...

Question 4

Your grandmother describes countless recollections of her life such as her 16th birthday,the first time she drove a car,and the birth of her children.What type of memory is your grandmother using?

Accepted Answer

Your grandmother is recalling personal events and experiences from her life, which falls under the category of autobiographical memories. These memories are highly connected to a person's sense of identity and are often vivid and detailed.

(Note: Procedural memories involve remembering how to do a specific task or skill, while working memories involve holding and manipulating information in the short-term. Unconscious memories are not consciously accessible.)

Question 5

What brain structure influences the transfer of information to long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a brain structure that plays a critical role in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory. It is responsible for forming memories of specific events or episodes in our lives.

Question 6

Which of the following brain structures helps to transfer information into the long-term memory system?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for encoding and transferring new information into the long-term memory system.

Question 7

Your grandfather explains to you how to use his new multifunctional phone.You ask him where he learned to use his new phone but he cannot recall.Trying his best,he can only tell you how it works.It is clear that your grandfather has limited ____.

Accepted Answer

Source memory refers to the ability to recall where or how information was learned. In this scenario, the grandfather cannot remember where he learned how to use the new phone, indicating that his source memory is limited. Episodic memory is related to the ability to recall personal events or experiences, working memory is the ability to hold and manipulate information in the short-term, and procedural memory is related to the ability to recall how to perform specific tasks or skills. None of these are as relevant to the scenario described as the grandfather's limited source memory.

Question 8

Samantha was diagnosed with Lyme disease and as a result has problems with balance and coordination.When she walks,it looks as if she is intoxicated,even though she does not drink alcohol.Which of the following structures is related to Samantha's balance and coordination?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination, so it is likely related to Samantha's issues with walking. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation, the brain stem controls basic functions such as breathing and heart rate, and the corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain. While these structures may also be affected by Lyme disease, they are not directly involved in balance and coordination.

Question 9

According to the text,what brain structure is involved in balance and coordination?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination.

Question 10

Neurons are dying and being generated anew throughout life.What happens in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

In late adulthood, the rate of neuron death typically exceeds the rate of neuron generation, leading to a decline in brain function.

Question 11

The cerebellum is ____,whereas the frontal lobes are ____.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is involved in balance and coordination, while the frontal lobes are responsible for planning and judgment.

Question 12

When older adults were shown a list of related items and then later shown another list and asked which of the items on the new list had been on the original list,older participants ____.

Accepted Answer

Older adults are more likely to experience false recognition, leading them to believe they recognize a word that was not on the original list. This is due to changes in the way the brain processes and retrieves memories.

Question 13

You overheard your parents talking about your grandfather and his memory of his past.It seems that he remembers pleasant events very well,but often forgets unpleasant events entirely.What type of memory are your parents discussing?

Accepted Answer

Autobiographical memory involves the recollection of personal experiences and events from one's life, often with an emotional component, which can lead to better recall of pleasant events over unpleasant ones.

Question 14

Which of the following are examples of factors that influence secondary aging?

Accepted Answer

Secondary aging refers to the aging process that results from controllable factors such as lifestyle choices and environmental influences. Smoking, exercise, and cognitive stimulation are examples of such factors.

Question 15

In late adulthood,the brain ____ and total brain mass ____.

Accepted Answer

In late adulthood, the brain undergoes a process called brain atrophy, which causes it to shrink and lose some of its mass. This is due to the loss of neurons, dendrites, and synapses, and the accumulation of plaques and tangles in the brain. Thus, option D is the correct answer.

Question 16

What type of memory is involved in remembering how to perform tasks or activities involving motor skills,such as playing a musical instrument,typing on a keyboard,or sewing a button?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is the type of memory involved in learning and remembering how to perform tasks or activities involving motor skills, such as playing a musical instrument, typing on a keyboard, or sewing a button. This type of memory is stored and accessed unconsciously, and becomes automated with practice.

Question 17

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that individuals who are in late adulthood show ____ in procedural memory.

Accepted Answer

Laboratory studies suggest that there is little decline in procedural memory in late adulthood. Procedural memory involves the ability to learn, store, and retrieve new skills and procedures, such as riding a bike, typing, or playing a musical instrument. While other types of memory, such as episodic memory (memory of specific events) and working memory (memory used for immediate processing), might show some decline in late adulthood, procedural memory appears to be relatively preserved.

Question 18

By age 80 years,most people have lost what percentage of their peak brain mass?

Accepted Answer

By age 80, most people have lost between 5 to 10% of their peak brain mass. This loss of brain mass is a natural part of aging and can contribute to cognitive decline and memory problems. However, it is important to note that brain plasticity and the brain's ability to adapt and change can still occur in older adults, allowing for continued learning and growth.

Question 19

In the course of late adulthood,people have increasing difficulty in remembering where they learned something or when an item was first used.What type of memory is this?

Accepted Answer

Source memory is the ability to remember where and when you learned something. As people age, they may have difficulty with this type of memory, making it more difficult to recall the source of information.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes working memory?

Accepted Answer

Working memory refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information that is currently the focus of one's attention. It is the type of memory that is used to hold onto phone numbers or directions briefly before they are forgotten or no longer needed.

Quiz 12: Late Adulthood