Question 1

Would three-year-olds enjoy the game of peek-a-boo? Would you expect to see cultural variations? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Would three-year-olds enjoy the game of peek-a-boo?...

Question 2

How do researchers determine whether babies can tell the difference between two stimuli,given that their young subjects are not able to tell them?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do researchers determine whether babies can...

Question 3

As early as four months of age,infants ____.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that infants can recognize their own names and distinguish them from other words or sounds as early as four months old. They may also display excited or attentive responses when hearing their name. However, they do not produce or understand words at this stage.

Question 4

In Thomas and Chess's (1956)original study,most infants were categorized as having a temperament of ____.

Accepted Answer

In Thomas and Chess's original study, 40% of infants were categorized as having an easy temperament, 10% were classified as difficult, 15% as slow-to-warm-up, and 35% as undifferentiated.

Question 5

Even though infants can speak only a few words by their first birthday,they understand ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even though infants can speak only a...

Question 6

When comparing cultures that use infant-directed (ID)speech to those who do not,it is clear that ____.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that while infant-directed speech can aid in language acquisition, language fluency typically develops in all infants within a few years, regardless of whether ID speech is used.

Question 7

The Gusii,like people in many traditional cultures,are in contact with their children nearly constantly.How do they view talking to children?

Accepted Answer

The Gusii people traditionally do not believe that speaking to infants is necessary or useful, as they prioritize physical care and protection over verbal interaction at this early stage.

Question 8

What was the concept that Thomas and Chess proposed in 1956?

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess proposed the concept of temperament, which refers to innate or genetically-based individual differences in behavior and emotional reactions.

Question 9

A five-year-old English child is given chopsticks when he sits down for dinner at a Chinese restaurant while on vacation.She proceeds to hit them at the table and wants to take them home to use with her drum set.How would Piaget explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A five-year-old English child is given chopsticks...

Question 10

What is one of the reasons that adults talk to infants by raising the pitch of their voices,exaggerating their intonation,elongating vowels,and repeating words?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is one of the reasons that...

Question 11

In what type of speech do adults talk to infants by raising the pitch of their voices,exaggerating their intonation,and repeating words?

Accepted Answer

Adult speak to infants using a type of speech called infant-directed speech. It involves raising the pitch of their voices, exaggerating intonation, and repeating words. It is sometimes called baby talk, but the preferred term is infant-directed speech.

Question 12

What percentage of babies did Thomas and Chess find met their definition of "easy" babies?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of babies did Thomas and...

Question 13

Do the Bayley Scales of Infant Development,which yield an overall DQ,predict later IQ? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Do the Bayley Scales of Infant Development,which...

Question 14

Thomas and Chess (1956)assessed infants on which of the following qualities,among others,to create their categories of temperament?

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess assessed infants on activity level, adaptability, intensity of reaction, and quality of mood to create their categories of temperament. The other options listed other factors that were not part of their assessment.

Question 15

What does the text refer to as the biologically based raw material of personality?

Accepted Answer

The text refers to temperament as the biologically based raw material of personality.

Question 16

Which of the following are Thomas and Chess's (1956)categories of temperament?

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess's categories of temperament are easy (adjust quickly to new situations), difficult (react negatively and intensely to new stimuli), and slow-to-warm-up (are initially withdrawn but gradually adjust to new stimuli). Option A only includes emotional states, not temperament categories. Option B and C do not align with Thomas and Chess's categories.

Question 17

How have researchers tested memory in nonverbal infants?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How have researchers tested memory in nonverbal...

Question 18

____ is comprised of personal attributes such as irritability,soothability,emotional reactivity,and sociability.

Accepted Answer

The personal attributes mentioned - irritability, soothability, emotional reactivity, and sociability - are all components of an individual's temperament. Temperament refers to a person's characteristic patterns of behavior, emotions, and reactions to the environment, and is influenced by biological and environmental factors. Attachment, intelligence quotient, and developmental quotient are not directly related to these specific personal attributes.

Question 19

Describe at least one criticism of Piaget's sensorimotor theory.

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Question 20

Your neighbor tells you that she is going to buy her child the "Baby Einstein" videos,saying that,"even though they are really expensive,they are worth it." She asks you what you think.Provide a response based on research evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your neighbor tells you that she is...

Quiz 4: Infancy