Question 1

The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived.What was found regarding cognitive development for the children who were adopted when they were older than six months of age?

Accepted Answer

The text states that children who were adopted after six months of age had a rate of cognitive impairment several times higher than those adopted before six months of age.

Question 2

At 6 months of age,American infants sleep about 14 hours a day,whereas infants who are the same age in Kenya sleep about 12 hours a day,and infants in the Netherlands sleep about 16 hours a day.This variation is best described by ____.

Accepted Answer

The variation in sleep patterns among infants of different countries is most likely due to cultural practices, such as differences in parenting practices or nighttime routines. The other choices, such as reflexive responses or innate preprogramming, are less likely to explain the cultural differences observed. Biological influences may play a role in sleep patterns, but the cultural differences in this case suggest that cultural practices are the primary driver of variation.

Question 3

The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived.The children were later adopted and recovered dramatically in physical development.It was found that the recovery in cognitive development ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the recovery in cognitive development of the children adopted from Romanian orphanages was dependent on the age in which they were adopted. Those adopted before the age of 6 months showed rapid recovery, while those adopted after 2 years of age showed little improvement. Therefore, the recovery in cognitive development was not consistent for all children and depended on when they were adopted.

Question 4

How do non-Western cultures view the belief that infants should sleep in a crib in a room of their own?

Accepted Answer

Non-Western cultures often view sleeping in close proximity to parents or caregivers as the norm and believe that leaving infants alone in a crib in a separate room is a form of neglect. Co-sleeping and bed-sharing are common practices in many non-Western cultures, as they emphasize the importance of nurturing and bonding between parent and child. However, it should be noted that cultural beliefs and practices can vary greatly even within non-Western cultures.

Question 5

During the "BACK to Sleep" campaign,stomach sleeping went from 70% to 20%.What happened to the rate of SIDS deaths?

Accepted Answer

The "Back to Sleep" campaign, which recommended that infants be placed on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), led to a significant decline in the rate of SIDS deaths, approximately by 50%.

Question 6

Which the following are known factors related to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Soft bedding, sleeping stomach down, and low birth weight are known risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. A high Apgar score, low irritability, and colic are not known risk factors. A family history of SIDS may increase risk, but it is not the only factor. Hard bedding and sleeping back down may also increase risk.

Question 7

Which of the following is a known factor that increases the probability of SIDS?

Accepted Answer

Sleeping stomach-down instead of flat on the back has been identified as a known risk factor for SIDS. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be put to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of SIDS.

Question 8

What is a risk factor for SIDS?

Accepted Answer

Sleeping stomach-down (also known as prone position) is a risk factor for SIDS. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing infants on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS.

Question 9

What is the term that describes the brain's high responsiveness to environmental circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change in response to environmental circumstances. This means that the brain is highly responsive to experiences and can reorganize itself in order to better function in different situations. This is important for learning, memory, and overall brain health. The other answer options, sensitivity, growth, and pruning, do not specifically describe the brain's high responsiveness to environmental circumstances.

Question 10

When you are visiting friends who just had a newborn,you notice that the baby is lying face-down in her crib.What do you tell your friends?

Accepted Answer

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be placed to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). It is important to inform the parents about this safe sleep position.

Question 11

While providing solace to a family who have just been told that their infant sustained brain damage in a car accident,Dr.Doofenschmirtz tells them that the good news is that the infant is young and his brain is not fully mature.As compared to an adult,the infant's brain has not been shaped or formed but is still highly responsive to the environment and the prognosis is good.Which of the following describes the topic of Dr.Doofenschmirtz's discussion?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Doofenschmirtz is discussing brain plasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to environmental stimuli. The fact that the infant's brain is not fully formed yet means that it is still highly plastic and can potentially recover from the brain damage sustained in the car accident.

Question 12

What term describes the situation in which the infant sleeps with the parents?

Accepted Answer

Cosleeping is the term used to describe the situation in which the infant sleeps with the parents.

Question 13

What is a risk factor for SIDS?

Accepted Answer

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor for SIDS. Maternal diabetes, paternal asthma, and paternal chromosomal disorders are not established risk factors for SIDS.

Question 14

Lipsitt (2003)extensively examined SIDS and found that infants were most vulnerable to succumb to SIDS between 2 and 4 months.Why?

Accepted Answer

Between 2 and 4 months, infants are transitioning from reflexive to intentional behavior, which may affect their ability to respond to breathing challenges, making them more vulnerable to SIDS.

Question 15

Your neighbor's infant daughter has epilepsy.They are considering surgery to help with the seizures,but they are worried that permanent brain damage will result.What should you tell them?

Accepted Answer

The brain of an infant is still capable of neuroplasticity, allowing for the possibility of another part of the brain taking over the functions of the damaged area. This means that the risk of permanent brain damage may not be as high as they fear, and surgery may be a viable option to help with the seizures.

Question 16

If the infant's brain has been damaged due to injury or illness,what is likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

The brain has the ability to reorganize itself in response to injury or illness through a process called neuroplasticity. Other parts of the brain can take over the functions of the damaged area, although there may be some limitations depending on the degree and location of the damage.

Question 17

What is the leading cause of death for infants between birth and one year of age in developed countries?

Accepted Answer

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death for infants between birth and one year of age in developed countries. Accidents, genetic disorders and AIDS are also causes of infant mortality, but they are not as common as SIDS.

Question 18

You and your pediatrician get into an argument regarding where the infant should sleep.You strongly believe that she should sleep with you,while your pediatrician insists that it can be dangerous for her not to sleep in her own crib.What would be your argument?

Accepted Answer

There is no medical consensus that co-sleeping is inherently harmful; it is often a cultural preference. However, safety guidelines should be followed to prevent risks like SIDS.

Question 19

____ describes when an infant who does not have any apparent illness or disease simply falls asleep and never wakes up.

Accepted Answer

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a phenomenon where an apparently healthy infant dies suddenly and unexpectedly while sleeping. There is no known cause for SIDS, although it is thought to be related to abnormalities in the part of the brain that controls breathing and arousal during sleep.

Question 20

Neonates,on average,sleep ____ hours a day,and of that time,____ is spent in REM.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neonates,on average,sleep ____ hours a day,and of...

Quiz 4: Infancy

The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived.What was found regarding cognitive development for the children who were adopted when they were older than six months of age?

At 6 months of age,American infants sleep about 14 hours a day,whereas infants who are the same age in Kenya sleep about 12 hours a day,and infants in the Netherlands sleep about 16 hours a day.This variation is best described by ____.

The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived.The children were later adopted and recovered dramatically in physical development.It was found that the recovery in cognitive development ____.

How do non-Western cultures view the belief that infants should sleep in a crib in a room of their own?

During the "BACK to Sleep" campaign,stomach sleeping went from 70% to 20%.What happened to the rate of SIDS deaths?

Which the following are known factors related to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

Which of the following is a known factor that increases the probability of SIDS?

What is a risk factor for SIDS?

What is the term that describes the brain's high responsiveness to environmental circumstances?

When you are visiting friends who just had a newborn,you notice that the baby is lying face-down in her crib.What do you tell your friends?

What term describes the situation in which the infant sleeps with the parents?

What is a risk factor for SIDS?

Lipsitt (2003) extensively examined SIDS and found that infants were most vulnerable to succumb to SIDS between 2 and 4 months.Why?

Your neighbor's infant daughter has epilepsy.They are considering surgery to help with the seizures,but they are worried that permanent brain damage will result.What should you tell them?

If the infant's brain has been damaged due to injury or illness,what is likely to happen?

What is the leading cause of death for infants between birth and one year of age in developed countries?

You and your pediatrician get into an argument regarding where the infant should sleep.You strongly believe that she should sleep with you,while your pediatrician insists that it can be dangerous for her not to sleep in her own crib.What would be your argument?

____ describes when an infant who does not have any apparent illness or disease simply falls asleep and never wakes up.

Neonates,on average,sleep hours a day,and of that time, is spent in REM.